महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-62, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
किमर्थं राजशार्दूलो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
गान्धार्याः प्रेषयामास वासुदेवं परंतपम् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
kimarthaṁ rājaśārdūlo dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
gāndhāryāḥ preṣayāmāsa vāsudevaṁ paraṁtapam.

1. janamejaya uvāca kimartham rājaśārdūlaḥ dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ gāndhāryāḥ preṣayāmāsa vāsudevam paraṃtapam

1. janamejaya uvāca yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājaśārdūlaḥ dharmarājaḥ
kimartham vāsudevam paraṃtapam gāndhāryāḥ preṣayāmāsa

1. Janamejaya said: "For what reason did Yudhishthira, that tiger among kings and king of (dharma) righteousness, send Vasudeva (Krishna), the tormentor of enemies, to Gandhari?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya, the recipient of the Mahabharata narration. (Janamejaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Janamejaya said (introducing a question) (said, spoke)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - "why" in a questioning context (for what purpose, why, what for)

• राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - an epithet for Yudhishthira, highlighting his prowess or eminence. (tiger among kings, best of kings, chief of kings)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhishthira, known for his adherence to (dharma) righteousness. (king of (dharma) justice/righteousness, Yama)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pandava brother, the king. (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• गान्धार्याः (gāndhāryāḥ) - to Gandhari (indicating destination with preṣayāmāsa) (of Gandhari, to Gandhari (ablative/genitive feminine singular))

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - Yudhishthira sent (Vasudeva) (he sent, he dispatched)

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Krishna, son of Vasudeva. (Vasudeva, Krishna)

• परंतपम् (paraṁtapam) - An epithet for Vasudeva (Krishna). (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya, the recipient of the Mahabharata narration. (Janamejaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - Janamejaya said (introducing a question) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root vac (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Forms the perfect stem by reduplication and vowel change, then adds personal endings.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - "why" in a questioning context (for what purpose, why, what for)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of kimartha, functioning as an adverb.

राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - an epithet for Yudhishthira, highlighting his prowess or eminence. (tiger among kings, best of kings, chief of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, chief of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhishthira, known for his adherence to (dharma) righteousness. (king of (dharma) justice/righteousness, Yama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of (dharma) righteousness, god of death (Yama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pandava brother, the king. (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

गान्धार्याः (gāndhāryāḥ) - to Gandhari (indicating destination with preṣayāmāsa) (of Gandhari, to Gandhari (ablative/genitive feminine singular))

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (proper name, wife of Dhritarashtra)

Note: In this context, often used with verbs of sending to mean 'to Gandhari'.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - Yudhishthira sent (Vasudeva) (he sent, he dispatched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of preṣ

perfect active, causative

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the causative stem of pra-iṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Denotes a past action by the agent.

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Krishna, son of Vasudeva. (Vasudeva, Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vasudeva (proper name, patronymic of Krishna)

Note: The object of the verb 'preṣayāmāsa'.

परंतपम् (paraṁtapam) - An epithet for Vasudeva (Krishna). (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – one who torments/burns
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root tap (to heat, to torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Describes Vasudeva.