महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-62, verse-40

भ्रातृभिः समयं कृत्वा क्षान्तवान्धर्मवत्सलः ।
द्यूतच्छलजितैः शक्तैर्वनवासोऽभ्युपागतः ॥४०॥

40. bhrātṛbhiḥ samayaṁ kṛtvā kṣāntavāndharmavatsalaḥ ,
dyūtacchalajitaiḥ śaktairvanavāso'bhyupāgataḥ.

40. bhrātṛbhiḥ samayam kṛtvā kṣāntavān dharma-vatsalaḥ
dyūta-cchala-jitaiḥ śaktaiḥ vana-vāsaḥ abhyupāgataḥ

40. dharma-vatsalaḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ samayam kṛtvā kṣāntavān
dyūta-cchala-jitaiḥ śaktaiḥ vana-vāsaḥ abhyupāgataḥ

40. The one devoted to natural law (dharma), having made an agreement with his brothers, endured [the injustice]. Though powerful, they (the Pāṇḍavas), having been defeated by the trickery of dice, accepted forest exile.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his (the speaker's implied) brothers (with brothers, by brothers)

• समयम् (samayam) - agreement, compact, covenant

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made an agreement (having done, having made)

• क्षान्तवान् (kṣāntavān) - he endured, he tolerated

• धर्म-वत्सलः (dharma-vatsalaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who is known for his adherence to dharma. (fond of righteousness (dharma), devoted to natural law (dharma))

• द्यूत-च्छल-जितैः (dyūta-cchala-jitaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas (by those defeated by the trickery of dice)

• शक्तैः (śaktaiḥ) - by the powerful Pāṇḍavas (by the powerful ones, by the able ones)

• वन-वासः (vana-vāsaḥ) - the twelve-year forest exile of the Pāṇḍavas. (forest dwelling, exile in the forest)

• अभ्युपागतः (abhyupāgataḥ) - was approached, was accepted, was undergone

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his (the speaker's implied) brothers (with brothers, by brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

r-stem masculine noun.

समयम् (samayam) - agreement, compact, covenant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, compact, covenant, appointed time, religious obligation

From 'sam' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made an agreement (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Formed with root 'kṛ' + suffix '-tvā' for absolutive.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

क्षान्तवान् (kṣāntavān) - he endured, he tolerated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣānta

kṣānta - endured, patient, forgiven

Past Active Participle

Formed from root 'kṣam' (to be patient, endure) + suffix '-tavat' (for past active participle).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb/predicate here.

धर्म-वत्सलः (dharma-vatsalaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who is known for his adherence to dharma. (fond of righteousness (dharma), devoted to natural law (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-vatsala

dharma-vatsala - fond of righteousness, devoted to natural law (dharma), loving virtue

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vatsala – affectionate, loving, fond of
  adjective (masculine)

द्यूत-च्छल-जितैः (dyūta-cchala-jitaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas (by those defeated by the trickery of dice)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dyūta-cchala-jita

dyūta-cchala-jita - conquered/defeated by the trickery of dice

Past Passive Participle

Compound. 'jita' (conquered, P.P.P. of 'ji') by 'cchala' (trickery) of 'dyūta' (dice-play).

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (dyūta+cchala+jita)

• dyūta – dice-play, gambling
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'div' (to play).
  Root: div (class 4)
• cchala – trick, fraud, deceit
  noun (neuter)
• jita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

शक्तैः (śaktaiḥ) - by the powerful Pāṇḍavas (by the powerful ones, by the able ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śakta

śakta - powerful, able, strong, capable

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

वन-वासः (vana-vāsaḥ) - the twelve-year forest exile of the Pāṇḍavas. (forest dwelling, exile in the forest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vana-vāsa

vana-vāsa - forest dwelling, residing in a forest, forest exile

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhyupāgataḥ'.

अभ्युपागतः (abhyupāgataḥ) - was approached, was accepted, was undergone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyupāgata

abhyupāgata - approached, accepted, undergone, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'abhi' + 'upa' + root 'gam' (to go) + suffix '-ta'.

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'vana-vāsaḥ'.