महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-62, verse-2

यदा पूर्वं गतः कृष्णः शमार्थं कौरवान्प्रति ।
न च तं लब्धवान्कामं ततो युद्धमभूदिदम् ॥२॥

2. yadā pūrvaṁ gataḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śamārthaṁ kauravānprati ,
na ca taṁ labdhavānkāmaṁ tato yuddhamabhūdidam.

2. yadā pūrvam gataḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śamartham kauravān prati
na ca tam labdhavān kāmam tataḥ yuddham abhūt idam

2. yadā pūrvam kṛṣṇaḥ śamartham kauravān prati gataḥ
ca tam kāmam na labdhavān tataḥ idam yuddham abhūt

2. Previously, when Krishna went to the Kauravas for the sake of peace, and he did not achieve that desired outcome, then this war occurred.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - introduces a temporal clause. (when, at which time)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - indicating a past event. (previously, formerly, before)

• गतः (gataḥ) - Krishna went. (gone, went, reached)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Lord Krishna, Vasudeva. (Krishna, dark-colored)

• शमर्थम् (śamartham) - Krishna's purpose in going to the Kauravas. (for peace, for the sake of quietude)

• कौरवान् (kauravān) - The sons of Dhritarashtra and their allies. (the Kauravas)

• प्रति (prati) - indicating direction of movement. (towards, to, in the direction of)

• न (na) - negates the verb 'labdhavān'. (not, no)

• च (ca) - connects the two clauses. (and, also)

• तम् (tam) - refers to 'kāmam' (that purpose). (that, him)

• लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - Krishna did not achieve. (obtained, gained, achieved)

• कामम् (kāmam) - that purpose (of peace). (desire, wish, purpose, object)

• ततः (tataḥ) - indicates a consequence. (then, from there, thereafter)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - The Kurukshetra war. (war, battle, fight)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - this war happened. (became, happened, existed)

• इदम् (idam) - refers to the war just discussed. (this, here)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - introduces a temporal clause. (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - indicating a past event. (previously, formerly, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

गतः (gataḥ) - Krishna went. (gone, went, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, moved

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kṛṣṇaḥ.

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Lord Krishna, Vasudeva. (Krishna, dark-colored)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna (proper name), dark, black

Note: The subject of the first clause.

शमर्थम् (śamartham) - Krishna's purpose in going to the Kauravas. (for peace, for the sake of quietude)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śama+artha)

• śama – peace, tranquility, quietude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses purpose.

कौरवान् (kauravān) - The sons of Dhritarashtra and their allies. (the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Patronymic from Kuru

Note: Object of the preposition prati.

प्रति (prati) - indicating direction of movement. (towards, to, in the direction of)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - negates the verb 'labdhavān'. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - connects the two clauses. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Postpositive conjunction.

तम् (tam) - refers to 'kāmam' (that purpose). (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the purpose of peace.

लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - Krishna did not achieve. (obtained, gained, achieved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of labdhavat

labdhavat - one who has obtained/gained

past active participle (kvatu)

Past active participle (kvatu) of root labh (to obtain)

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle for the implicit subject Krishna.

कामम् (kāmam) - that purpose (of peace). (desire, wish, purpose, object)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, pleasure, purpose

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of labdhavān.

ततः (tataḥ) - indicates a consequence. (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - The Kurukshetra war. (war, battle, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अभूत् (abhūt) - this war happened. (became, happened, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

aorist active

Aorist tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'yuddham'.

इदम् (idam) - refers to the war just discussed. (this, here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with yuddham.