महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-26, verse-70

संजय उवाच ।
इति बहुपरुषं प्रभाषति प्रमनसि मद्रपतौ रिपुस्तवम् ।
भृशमतिरुषितः परं वृषः कुरुपृतनापतिराह मद्रपम् ॥७०॥

70. saṁjaya uvāca ,
iti bahuparuṣaṁ prabhāṣati; pramanasi madrapatau ripustavam ,
bhṛśamatiruṣitaḥ paraṁ vṛṣaḥ; kurupṛtanāpatirāha madrapam.

70. sañjaya uvāca iti bahu-paruṣam
prabhāṣati pra-manasi madra-patau
ripu-stavam bhṛśam ati-ruṣitaḥ param
vṛṣaḥ kuru-pṛtanā-patiḥ āha madra-pam

70. sañjaya uvāca iti bahu-paruṣam
ripu-stavam pra-manasi madra-patau
prabhāṣati bhṛśam param ati-ruṣitaḥ
vṛṣaḥ kuru-pṛtanā-patiḥ madra-pam āha

70. Sañjaya said: As the King of Madra, his mind agitated, was thus speaking many harsh words and praising the enemy, Karna (Vṛṣa), the commander of the Kuru army, became exceedingly enraged and then spoke to the King of Madra.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• बहु-परुषम् (bahu-paruṣam) - Refers to the words spoken by the King of Madra. (very harsh, exceedingly rough (words))

• प्रभाषति (prabhāṣati) - speaking, uttering

• प्र-मनसि (pra-manasi) - With an agitated mind, implying Śalya's disturbed state while speaking. (in an agitated mind, with a distracted mind, very mindfully)

• मद्र-पतौ (madra-patau) - Refers to Śalya, the King of Madra, acting as Karna's charioteer but disparaging him. (in/on/at the king of Madra)

• रिपु-स्तवम् (ripu-stavam) - Śalya was praising the Pandavas, who were Karna's enemies. (praise of the enemy)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very

• अति-रुषितः (ati-ruṣitaḥ) - Describes Karna's state. (extremely angered, very enraged)

• परम् (param) - Exceedingly, emphasizing the intensity of Karna's anger. (exceedingly, supremely, then)

• वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - Refers to Karna. (Karna (proper noun); bull; best)

• कुरु-पृतना-पतिः (kuru-pṛtanā-patiḥ) - Refers to Karna, who was the commander of the Kaurava forces. (commander of the Kuru army)

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• मद्र-पम् (madra-pam) - To Śalya. (to the king of Madra)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya, the charioteer of Dhritarashtra

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form of √vac.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

बहु-परुषम् (bahu-paruṣam) - Refers to the words spoken by the King of Madra. (very harsh, exceedingly rough (words))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu-paruṣa

bahu-paruṣa - very harsh, exceedingly rough

Compound type : karmadharaya (bahu+paruṣa)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• paruṣa – harsh, rough, cruel, severe
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions as an adverb or qualifies implied 'words'.

प्रभाषति (prabhāṣati) - speaking, uttering

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prabhāṣat

prabhāṣat - speaking, saying, uttering

Present Active Participle

Derived from √bhāṣ with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction, referring to 'madra-patau'.

प्र-मनसि (pra-manasi) - With an agitated mind, implying Śalya's disturbed state while speaking. (in an agitated mind, with a distracted mind, very mindfully)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pra-manas

pra-manas - distracted mind, agitated mind, excellent mind, attentive mind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pra+manas)

• pra – forth, forward, very, intensely
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Often refers to the state of mind, here in locative absolute.

मद्र-पतौ (madra-patau) - Refers to Śalya, the King of Madra, acting as Karna's charioteer but disparaging him. (in/on/at the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of madra-pati

madra-pati - lord of the Madras, king of Madra (Śalya)

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+pati)

• madra – name of a country or people
  proper noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative absolute with 'prabhāṣati'.

रिपु-स्तवम् (ripu-stavam) - Śalya was praising the Pandavas, who were Karna's enemies. (praise of the enemy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ripu-stava

ripu-stava - praise of an enemy

Compound type : tatpurusha (ripu+stava)

• ripu – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• stava – praise, hymn, eulogy
  noun (masculine)
  Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Object of 'prabhāṣati'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'ati-ruṣitaḥ'.

अति-रुषितः (ati-ruṣitaḥ) - Describes Karna's state. (extremely angered, very enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ati-ruṣita

ati-ruṣita - extremely angry, highly enraged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √ruṣ with upasarga ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛṣaḥ'.

परम् (param) - Exceedingly, emphasizing the intensity of Karna's anger. (exceedingly, supremely, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage, emphasizing intensity or sequence.

वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - Refers to Karna. (Karna (proper noun); bull; best)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, strong man, chief, best; name of Karna

Note: Synonym for Karna.

कुरु-पृतना-पतिः (kuru-pṛtanā-patiḥ) - Refers to Karna, who was the commander of the Kaurava forces. (commander of the Kuru army)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuru-pṛtanā-pati

kuru-pṛtanā-pati - commander of the Kuru army, general of the Kaurava forces

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+pṛtanā+pati)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pṛtanā – army, host, battle
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, chief, commander
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

मद्र-पम् (madra-pam) - To Śalya. (to the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madra-pa

madra-pa - protector of the Madras, king of Madra (Śalya)

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+pa)

• madra – name of a country or people
  proper noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āha'.