महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-26, verse-4

संजय उवाच ।
ततो दुर्योधनो भूयो मद्रराजं तरस्विनम् ।
उवाच राजन्संग्रामे संयच्छन्तं हयोत्तमान् ॥४॥

4. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato duryodhano bhūyo madrarājaṁ tarasvinam ,
uvāca rājansaṁgrāme saṁyacchantaṁ hayottamān.

4. saṃjaya uvāca tataḥ duryodhanaḥ bhūyaḥ madrarājam
tarasvinam uvāca rājan saṃgrāme saṃyacchantam hayottamān

4. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tataḥ duryodhanaḥ bhūyaḥ saṃgrāme
hayottamān saṃyacchantam tarasvinam madrarājam uvāca

4. Sanjaya said: "Then Duryodhana, O King (Dhritarashtra), spoke again to the powerful King of Madra, who was controlling the best horses in battle."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - Referring to Shalya (to the King of Madra)

• तरस्विनम् (tarasvinam) - powerful, energetic, swift

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• राजन् (rājan) - Referring to Dhritarashtra (the blind king to whom Sanjaya narrates) (O King)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in the encounter

• संयच्छन्तम् (saṁyacchantam) - Controlling the horses (controlling, restraining, holding)

• हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - the best horses

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and reporter)

From root ji with sam prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

From root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular active. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - Referring to Shalya (to the King of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - King of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (name of a country and its people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of uvāca.

तरस्विनम् (tarasvinam) - powerful, energetic, swift

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tarasvin

tarasvin - powerful, strong, energetic, swift

From taras (force, energy) + vin suffix.

Note: Qualifies madrarājam.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

From root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular active. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - Referring to Dhritarashtra (the blind king to whom Sanjaya narrates) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in the encounter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

From root gram with sam prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

संयच्छन्तम् (saṁyacchantam) - Controlling the horses (controlling, restraining, holding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃyacchat

saṁyam - to restrain, to control, to check

Present Active Participle

From root yam with sam prefix, present active participle, masculine accusative singular.

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies madrarājam.

हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - the best horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - best horse, excellent horse

Compound: haya (horse) + uttama (best).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from 'ud'
  Prefix: ud

Note: Object of saṃyacchantam.