महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-26, verse-40

ततो रथस्थः परवीरहन्ता भीष्मद्रोणावात्तवीर्यौ निरीक्ष्य ।
समज्वलद्भारत पावकाभो वैकर्तनोऽसौ रथकुञ्जरो वृषः ॥४०॥

40. tato rathasthaḥ paravīrahantā; bhīṣmadroṇāvāttavīryau nirīkṣya ,
samajvaladbhārata pāvakābho; vaikartano'sau rathakuñjaro vṛṣaḥ.

40. tataḥ rathasthaḥ paravīrahantā
bhīṣmadroṇau āttavīryau nirīkṣya
samajvalat bhārata pāvakābhaḥ
vaikartanaḥ asau rathakuñjaraḥ vṛṣaḥ

40. bhārata tataḥ asau vaikartanaḥ
rathasthaḥ paravīrahantā vṛṣaḥ
rathakuñjaraḥ āttavīryau bhīṣmadroṇau
nirīkṣya pāvakābhaḥ samajvalat

40. Then, O descendant of Bharata, that great charioteer (Karṇa), the son of Vikartana, mighty as a bull and a slayer of enemy heroes, observed Bhishma and Drona, whose strength seemed diminished, and he blazed forth like fire from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, afterwards

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, situated in a chariot

• परवीरहन्ता (paravīrahantā) - slayer of enemy heroes

• भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhishma and Drona

• आत्तवीर्यौ (āttavīryau) - whose valor/strength was taken away, deprived of strength

• निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• समज्वलत् (samajvalat) - blazed forth, shone intensely

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

• पावकाभः (pāvakābhaḥ) - resembling fire, fire-like

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karṇa, who was a son of Surya/Vikartana (son of Vikartana)

• असौ (asau) - that (Karṇa) (that (yonder), this one)

• रथकुञ्जरः (rathakuñjaraḥ) - Karṇa, being an excellent charioteer, likened to an elephant among chariots (excellent charioteer)

• वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - a mighty hero (epithet for Karṇa) (bull, powerful man, mighty one)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, afterwards

(indeclinable)

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, situated in a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, being in a chariot

Compound of 'ratha' (chariot) and 'stha' (standing)

Compound type : saptamī tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Derivative
  Derived from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Karṇa (vaikartanaḥ).

परवीरहन्ता (paravīrahantā) - slayer of enemy heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīrahantṛ

paravīrahantṛ - slayer of hostile heroes

Compound of 'para' (enemy), 'vīra' (hero), and 'hantṛ' (slayer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (genitive or accusative) (para+vīra+hantṛ)

• para – other, alien, enemy, hostile
  adjective (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• hantṛ – slayer, killer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Karṇa.

भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhishma and Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhīṣmadroṇa

bhīṣmadroṇa - Bhishma and Drona

Dvandva compound of Bhīṣma and Droṇa

Compound type : dvandva (bhīṣma+droṇa)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (name of a Kuru patriarch)
  proper noun (masculine)
• droṇa – Drona (name of a teacher of archery)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'nirīkṣya'.

आत्तवीर्यौ (āttavīryau) - whose valor/strength was taken away, deprived of strength

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of āttavīrya

āttavīrya - whose strength or vigor has been taken away, deprived of valor

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'ātta' (taken) + 'vīrya' (valor)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ātta+vīrya)

• ātta – taken, seized, received
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dā (to give) with prefix ā- (irregular formation)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ā-dā (class 3)
• vīrya – valor, strength, power, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmadroṇau'.

निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √īkṣ (to see) with prefixes nis- and ī- (compound prefix ni-r + ī-)

Prefixes: nis+ī

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

समज्वलत् (samajvalat) - blazed forth, shone intensely

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samajval

Imperfect Active, 3rd Person Singular

Imperfect form of √jval with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Verb for Karṇa (vaikartanaḥ).

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

पावकाभः (pāvakābhaḥ) - resembling fire, fire-like

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvakābha

pāvakābha - resembling fire, having the appearance of fire

Compound of 'pāvaka' (fire) and 'ābha' (resembling)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa or karmadhāraya (pāvaka+ābha)

• pāvaka – fire, pure, purifying
  noun (masculine)
• ābha – resembling, like, splendor
  adjective (masculine)
  From √bhā (to shine)
  Root: bhā

Note: Agrees with Karṇa.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karṇa, who was a son of Surya/Vikartana (son of Vikartana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana (an epithet for Karṇa, who was a son of Surya/Vikartana)

Patronymic from Vikartana (another name for Surya)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

असौ (asau) - that (Karṇa) (that (yonder), this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, this

रथकुञ्जरः (rathakuñjaraḥ) - Karṇa, being an excellent charioteer, likened to an elephant among chariots (excellent charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathakuñjara

rathakuñjara - elephant-like in his chariot; excellent charioteer (a hero)

Compound of 'ratha' (chariot) and 'kuñjara' (elephant), often used to mean 'best of' in compounds.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (upamāna-pūrvapada) or ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (ratha+kuñjara)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• kuñjara – elephant (used metaphorically for 'best')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Karṇa.

वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - a mighty hero (epithet for Karṇa) (bull, powerful man, mighty one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, strong man, hero, best of his kind

Note: Agrees with Karṇa, an epithet.