महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-26, verse-68

समुदितबलवाहनाः पुनः पुरुषवरेण जिताः स्थ गोग्रहे ।
सगुरुगुरुसुताः सभीष्मकाः किमु न जितः स तदा त्वयार्जुनः ॥६८॥

68. samuditabalavāhanāḥ punaḥ; puruṣavareṇa jitāḥ stha gograhe ,
sagurugurusutāḥ sabhīṣmakāḥ; kimu na jitaḥ sa tadā tvayārjunaḥ.

68. samuditabalavāhanāḥ punaḥ
puruṣavareṇa jitāḥ stha gograhe
sagarugurusutāḥ sabhīṣmakāḥ kimu
na jitaḥ saḥ tadā tvayā arjunaḥ

68. punaḥ gograhe samuditabalavāhanāḥ
sagarugurusutāḥ sabhīṣmakāḥ
puruṣavareṇa jitāḥ stha kimu
na jitaḥ saḥ tadā tvayā arjunaḥ

68. Furthermore, when you, with your assembled forces and vehicles, including your preceptors and their sons, and Bhīṣma, were defeated in the cattle raid by the best of men, why then was that Arjuna not conquered by you?

Words meanings summery:

• समुदितबलवाहनाः (samuditabalavāhanāḥ) - referring to the Kaurava army with their full strength (with assembled forces and vehicles)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, further

• पुरुषवरेण (puruṣavareṇa) - by Arjuna (by the best of men, by the excellent man)

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

• स्थ (stha) - you (plural, referring to Karṇa and his allies) were (you (plural) are/were)

• गोग्रहे (gograhe) - during the Virāṭa war cattle raid (in the cattle raid, in the seizure of cows)

• सगरुगुरुसुताः (sagarugurusutāḥ) - including Droṇa and Aśvatthāmā (along with preceptors and preceptor's sons)

• सभीष्मकाः (sabhīṣmakāḥ) - along with Bhīṣma

• किमु (kimu) - a rhetorical question implying inability (why, what then?)

• न (na) - not, no

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, defeated

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• तदा (tadā) - at the time of the cattle raid (then, at that time)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you, Karṇa (by you)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

समुदितबलवाहनाः (samuditabalavāhanāḥ) - referring to the Kaurava army with their full strength (with assembled forces and vehicles)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samuditabalavāhana

samuditabalavāhana - having assembled forces and vehicles

Bahuvrihi compound: samudita (assembled), bala (force/army), vāhana (vehicle)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samudita+bala+vāhana)

• samudita – assembled, risen, emerged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root √ud-i (to rise) with prefix sam-.
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• bala – strength, power, army, force
  noun (neuter)
• vāhana – vehicle, mount, conveyance
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Kauravas including Karṇa).

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, further

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this statement to previous ones.

पुरुषवरेण (puruṣavareṇa) - by Arjuna (by the best of men, by the excellent man)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣavara

puruṣavara - best of men, excellent man

Compound of 'puruṣa' (man) and 'vara' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vara)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, choice
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, subdued, won

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root √ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Kauravas including Karṇa).

स्थ (stha) - you (plural, referring to Karṇa and his allies) were (you (plural) are/were)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present 2nd plural active

From root √as (class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here in a past context, 'you were defeated'.

गोग्रहे (gograhe) - during the Virāṭa war cattle raid (in the cattle raid, in the seizure of cows)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gograha

gograha - cattle raid, seizure of cows

Compound of 'go' (cow) and 'graha' (seizure).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+graha)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• graha – seizing, taking, grasp
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √grah (to seize)
  Root: grah (class 9)

सगरुगुरुसुताः (sagarugurusutāḥ) - including Droṇa and Aśvatthāmā (along with preceptors and preceptor's sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sagarugurusuta

sagarugurusuta - with preceptors and preceptor's sons

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + guru (preceptor) + gurusuta (preceptor's son)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+guru+gurusuta)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix forming a bahuvrihi compound.
• guru – teacher, preceptor, respected person (Draupadi's teacher Droṇa)
  noun (masculine)
• gurusuta – teacher's son (Aśvatthāmā)
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound: guru (teacher) + suta (son)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Kauravas including Karṇa).

सभीष्मकाः (sabhīṣmakāḥ) - along with Bhīṣma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sabhīṣmaka

sabhīṣmaka - with Bhīṣma

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + Bhīṣma (name)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+bhīṣma)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix forming a bahuvrihi compound.
• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Kauravas including Karṇa).

किमु (kimu) - a rhetorical question implying inability (why, what then?)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'u' (interrogative/emphatic particle).

Note: Introduces the rhetorical question.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'jitaḥ'.

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, subdued, won

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root √ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective, refers to Arjuna.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तदा (tadā) - at the time of the cattle raid (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you, Karṇa (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction 'na jitaḥ'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

Note: Subject of the passive clause 'na jitaḥ'.