महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-26, verse-14

स शल्यसंगृहीताश्वे रथे कर्णः स्थितोऽभवत् ।
धनुर्विस्फारयन्घोरं परिवेषीव भास्करः ॥१४॥

14. sa śalyasaṁgṛhītāśve rathe karṇaḥ sthito'bhavat ,
dhanurvisphārayanghoraṁ pariveṣīva bhāskaraḥ.

14. saḥ śalya-saṃgṛhīta-aśve rathe karṇaḥ sthitaḥ abhavat
dhanuḥ visphārayan ghoram pariveṣī iva bhāskaraḥ

14. saḥ karṇaḥ śalya-saṃgṛhīta-aśve rathe sthitaḥ abhavat,
ghoram dhanuḥ visphārayan,
pariveṣī bhāskaraḥ iva

14. Karṇa stood on his chariot, whose horses were guided by Śalya, stretching his formidable bow. He appeared like the sun (bhāskara) encircled by a halo.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• शल्य-संगृहीत-अश्वे (śalya-saṁgṛhīta-aśve) - on the chariot whose horses were controlled by Śalya

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - stood, situated, positioned

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• विस्फारयन् (visphārayan) - stretching, drawing back (a bow)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - formidable, dreadful, terrible

• परिवेषी (pariveṣī) - surrounded by a halo, having a halo

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - the sun, sun-maker

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शल्य-संगृहीत-अश्वे (śalya-saṁgṛhīta-aśve) - on the chariot whose horses were controlled by Śalya

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śalya-saṃgṛhīta-aśva

śalya-saṁgṛhīta-aśva - having horses controlled by Śalya

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śalya+saṃgṛhīta+aśva)

• śalya – Śalya (name of the king of Madras, Karṇa's charioteer)
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃgṛhīta – controlled, held, restrained, collected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'grah' (to seize, hold) with the prefix 'sam' and the 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grah (class 9)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rathe'.

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata, son of Sūrya and Kuntī)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - stood, situated, positioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, abiding, placed, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'sthā' (to stand, remain) with the 'kta' suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanu

dhanu - bow, arc, archer's bow

विस्फारयन् (visphārayan) - stretching, drawing back (a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visphārayant

visphārayant - stretching, expanding, making wide, causing to tremble

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from the root 'sphar' (to tremble, expand) with the prefix 'vi', causative suffix 'ṇic', and the 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: sphar (class 1)

घोरम् (ghoram) - formidable, dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, fierce, awful

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

परिवेषी (pariveṣī) - surrounded by a halo, having a halo

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariveṣin

pariveṣin - having a halo, surrounded by a disk (as the sun or moon)

Derived from 'pariveṣa' (halo, disk) with the suffix '-in'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - the sun, sun-maker

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - the sun (lit. 'light-maker'), a sun god