महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-26, verse-53

न त्वेवाहं न गमिष्यामि मध्यं तेषां शूराणामिति मा शल्य विद्धि ।
मित्रद्रोहो मर्षणीयो न मेऽयं त्यक्त्वा प्राणाननुयास्यामि द्रोणम् ॥५३॥

53. na tvevāhaṁ na gamiṣyāmi madhyaṁ; teṣāṁ śūrāṇāmiti mā śalya viddhi ,
mitradroho marṣaṇīyo na me'yaṁ; tyaktvā prāṇānanuyāsyāmi droṇam.

53. na tu eva aham na gamiṣyāmi madhyam
teṣām śūrāṇām iti mā śalya viddhi
mitradrohaḥ marṣaṇīyaḥ na me ayam
tyaktvā prāṇān anuyāsyāmi droṇam

53. śalya mā iti viddhi aham tu eva na
teṣām śūrāṇām madhyam gamiṣyāmi
ayam mitradrohaḥ me na marṣaṇīyaḥ
prāṇān tyaktvā droṇam anuyāsyāmi

53. O Śalya, understand this about me: I will certainly not go among those heroes (of the enemy). This betrayal of a friend is not forgivable by me. I will follow Droṇa, abandoning my very life.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• एव (eva) - certainly, only, indeed

• अहम् (aham) - I

• न (na) - not, no

• गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle, midst, among

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of heroes, of warriors

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• मा (mā) - me

• शल्य (śalya) - addressed to King Śalya, Karna's charioteer (O Śalya)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• मित्रद्रोहः (mitradrohaḥ) - betrayal of a friend, treachery against a friend

• मर्षणीयः (marṣaṇīyaḥ) - forgivable, tolerable

• न (na) - not, no

• मे (me) - by me, to me, my

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths, vital airs, life

• अनुयास्यामि (anuyāsyāmi) - I will follow

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa, the guru of Pandavas and Kauravas (Droṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - certainly, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Nominative singular of 'I'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle, midst, among

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central

Note: Can function as an adverbial accusative here, 'in the midst'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Genitive plural, referring to 'śūrāṇām'.

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of heroes, of warriors

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to indicate the end of a quotation or statement.

मा (mā) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Alternate form of 'mām'.

शल्य (śalya) - addressed to King Śalya, Karna's charioteer (O Śalya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - a type of dart/arrow, proper name (Śalya, the king of Madra)

Note: Refers to King Śalya, Karna's charioteer.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

मित्रद्रोहः (mitradrohaḥ) - betrayal of a friend, treachery against a friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitradroha

mitradroha - betrayal of a friend, treachery against a friend

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+droha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (neuter)
• droha – injury, offense, malice, treachery
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'druh' (to injure).
  Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Compound meaning 'treachery/offense against a friend'.

मर्षणीयः (marṣaṇīyaḥ) - forgivable, tolerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of marṣaṇīya

marṣaṇīya - to be forgiven, pardonable, tolerable

Gerundive

Derived from 'mṛṣ' (to bear, forgive) with suffix 'anīya'.

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mitradrohaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - by me, to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Here used in the sense of 'by me' (agent of the gerundive).

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'mitradrohaḥ'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths, vital airs, life

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air (prāṇa)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

अनुयास्यामि (anuyāsyāmi) - I will follow

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of anuyā

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: 'anu' (after, along) + 'yāsyāmi' (I will go).

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa, the guru of Pandavas and Kauravas (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - proper name (Droṇa, the guru of Pandavas and Kauravas)

Note: Object of 'anuyāsyāmi'.