महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-78

दुर्योधनस्तु नृपतिर्दीनो भ्रातृवधेन च ।
मुहूर्तं चिन्तयामास बाष्पशोकसमाकुलः ॥७८॥

78. duryodhanastu nṛpatirdīno bhrātṛvadhena ca ,
muhūrtaṁ cintayāmāsa bāṣpaśokasamākulaḥ.

78. duryodhanaḥ tu nṛpatiḥ dīnaḥ bhrātṛvadhena
ca muhūrtam cintayāmāsa bāṣpaśokasamākulaḥ

78. tu nṛpatiḥ duryodhanaḥ bhrātṛvadhena ca
dīnaḥ bāṣpaśokasamākulaḥ muhūrtam cintayāmāsa

78. King Duryodhana, however, was distressed by the slaying of his brothers. Agitated by tears and grief, he reflected for a moment.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - King Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a king))

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, lord of men)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (by the slaying of his brothers) (distressed, miserable, wretched, dejected)

• भ्रातृवधेन (bhrātṛvadhena) - by the slaying of his brothers (by the killing of brothers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, for a short time)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he reflected (he thought, he reflected, he considered)

• बाष्पशोकसमाकुलः (bāṣpaśokasamākulaḥ) - agitated by tears and grief (agitated by tears and sorrow)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - King Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, "hard to fight")

From 'dur' (difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighter).

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Duryodhana.

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (by the slaying of his brothers) (distressed, miserable, wretched, dejected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, dejected, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dī' (to perish, decay), often used as an adjective.

Root: dī (class 4)

भ्रातृवधेन (bhrātṛvadhena) - by the slaying of his brothers (by the killing of brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhrātṛvadha

bhrātṛvadha - killing of brothers, fratricide

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhrātṛ+vadha)

• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of his distress.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, for a short time)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, instant, a short space of time (also a specific time unit)

Root: hūrch

Note: Adverbial accusative of time.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he reflected (he thought, he reflected, he considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cintayāmāsa

Perfect (Lit)

Periphrastic perfect from root 'cit' (to perceive, think) in causative (cintayati).

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

बाष्पशोकसमाकुलः (bāṣpaśokasamākulaḥ) - agitated by tears and grief (agitated by tears and sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṣpaśokasamākula

bāṣpaśokasamākula - agitated/overwhelmed by tears and sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāṣpa+śoka+samākula)

• bāṣpa – tear, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vāṣp
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śuc' (to mourn).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samākula – agitated, perplexed, confused, filled with
  adjective
  From 'sam' (with) + 'ā' (towards) + root 'kul' (to collect, crowd) or related to 'ākula' (confused).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 10)

Note: Modifies Duryodhana, describing his state.