महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-23

शल्यं च पञ्चविंशत्या शरैर्विव्याध पाण्डवः ।
रुक्मपुङ्खैर्महेष्वासः स विद्धो व्यपयाद्रणात् ॥२३॥

23. śalyaṁ ca pañcaviṁśatyā śarairvivyādha pāṇḍavaḥ ,
rukmapuṅkhairmaheṣvāsaḥ sa viddho vyapayādraṇāt.

23. śalyam ca pañcaviṃśatyā śaraiḥ vivyādha pāṇḍavaḥ |
rukmapuṅkhaiḥ maheṣvāsaḥ saḥ viddhaḥ vyapayāt raṇāt

23. ca maheṣvāsaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ pañcaviṃśatyā rukmapuṅkhaiḥ
śaraiḥ śalyam vivyādha saḥ viddhaḥ raṇāt vyapayāt

23. And the Pandava, that great archer, pierced Shalya with twenty-five gold-feathered arrows. Struck, he retreated from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - Shalya (the king, a warrior in the Mahabharata) (Shalya (proper name), spear, dart)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पञ्चविंशत्या (pañcaviṁśatyā) - by twenty-five

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pandava (Arjuna, implied by 'great archer') (son of Pandu, descendant of Pandu (a Pandava))

• रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden-feathered (arrows)

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - that great archer (great archer, having a great bow)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Shalya) (he, that)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - struck (pierced, struck, wounded)

• व्यपयात् (vyapayāt) - retreated (went away, retreated, fled)

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle (from battle, from conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यम् (śalyam) - Shalya (the king, a warrior in the Mahabharata) (Shalya (proper name), spear, dart)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - spear, dart, proper name (Shalya)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पञ्चविंशत्या (pañcaviṁśatyā) - by twenty-five

(numeral)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pañcan+viṃśati)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect of root vyadh.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pandava (Arjuna, implied by 'great archer') (son of Pandu, descendant of Pandu (a Pandava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; one of the five Pandava brothers

Derived from 'Paṇḍu' with the suffix 'a' indicating descendant.

Note: Refers to Arjuna in this context, as he is known as a great archer.

रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden-feathered (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rukmapuṅkha

rukmapuṅkha - having golden feathers/shafts (referring to arrows)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+puṅkha)

• rukma – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather, shaft (of an arrow)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - that great archer (great archer, having a great bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - having a great bow; a great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – bow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Shalya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Shalya.

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - struck (pierced, struck, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vyadh` (to pierce) + suffix `kta` (past participle).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

व्यपयात् (vyapayāt) - retreated (went away, retreated, fled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of vyapa-i

Aorist active

From root `i` (to go) with prefixes `vi` and `apa`.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: i (class 2)

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle (from battle, from conflict)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)