महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-70

पितामहवचः श्रुत्वा तथा चक्रुः स्म कौरवाः ।
उपायेनापयानं ते घटोत्कचभयार्दिताः ॥७०॥

70. pitāmahavacaḥ śrutvā tathā cakruḥ sma kauravāḥ ,
upāyenāpayānaṁ te ghaṭotkacabhayārditāḥ.

70. pitāmaha-vacaḥ śrutvā tathā cakruḥ sma kauravāḥ
upāyena apayānam te ghaṭotkaca-bhayārditāḥ

70. pitāmaha-vacaḥ śrutvā ghaṭotkaca-bhayārditāḥ
te kauravāḥ tathā upāyena apayānam cakruḥ sma

70. Having heard the words of their grandfather (Bhīṣma), the Kauravas, tormented by fear of Ghaṭotkaca, then strategically executed a retreat.

Words meanings summery:

• पितामह-वचः (pitāmaha-vacaḥ) - the words of Bhīṣma (the grandfather's words, the words of the patriarch)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly; often indicates past tense when combined with present tense verb. Here, it is with perfect `cakruḥ`.

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas

• उपायेन (upāyena) - by means of a stratagem, by a device, by a plan

• अपयानम् (apayānam) - a retreat, going away

• ते (te) - the Kauravas (they)

• घटोत्कच-भयार्दिताः (ghaṭotkaca-bhayārditāḥ) - tormented/afflicted by fear of Ghaṭotkaca

Words meanings and morphology

पितामह-वचः (pitāmaha-vacaḥ) - the words of Bhīṣma (the grandfather's words, the words of the patriarch)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitāmahavacas

pitāmahavacas - words of the grandfather

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitāmaha+vacas)

• pitāmaha – grandfather, patriarch
  noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech, saying
  noun (neuter)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive from root √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Indicative

third person plural, perfect indicative, active voice, from root √kṛ (class 8)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly; often indicates past tense when combined with present tense verb. Here, it is with perfect `cakruḥ`.

(indeclinable)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Derivative from Kuru, indicating 'descendant of Kuru'

Note: Subject of `cakruḥ`.

उपायेन (upāyena) - by means of a stratagem, by a device, by a plan

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, expedient, stratagem, plan

from upa-√i (to approach)

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

अपयानम् (apayānam) - a retreat, going away

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apayāna

apayāna - departure, retreat, going away

from apa-√yā (to go away)

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of `cakruḥ`.

ते (te) - the Kauravas (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `kauravāḥ`.

घटोत्कच-भयार्दिताः (ghaṭotkaca-bhayārditāḥ) - tormented/afflicted by fear of Ghaṭotkaca

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghaṭotkacabhayārdita

ghaṭotkacabhayārdita - afflicted by fear of Ghaṭotkaca

Compound type : tatpurusha (ghaṭotkaca+bhaya+ardita)

• ghaṭotkaca – Ghaṭotkaca (son of Bhīma and Hiḍimbā)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ard (to pain, afflict)
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kauravāḥ` and `te`.