महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-53

घटोत्कचस्तु स्वं नागं चोदयामास तं ततः ।
सगजं भगदत्तं तु हन्तुकामः परंतपः ॥५३॥

53. ghaṭotkacastu svaṁ nāgaṁ codayāmāsa taṁ tataḥ ,
sagajaṁ bhagadattaṁ tu hantukāmaḥ paraṁtapaḥ.

53. Ghaṭotkacaḥ tu svam nāgam codayāmāsa tam tataḥ
sagajam Bhagadattam tu hantukāmaḥ paraṃtapaḥ

53. Ghaṭotkacaḥ paraṃtapaḥ tu tataḥ svam nāgam codayāmāsa,
sagajam tam Bhagadattam hantukāmaḥ.

53. Then, Ghaṭotkaca, the tormentor of foes, urged his own elephant, intending to kill that Bhagadatta, along with Bhagadatta's elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• घटोत्कचः (ghaṭotkacaḥ) - Name of Bhīma's son, a powerful rākṣasa warrior. (Ghaṭotkaca (name of a rākṣasa warrior))

• तु (tu) - introduces a slight contrast or continuation (but, indeed, yet)

• स्वम् (svam) - Ghaṭotkaca's own (his own, one's own)

• नागम् (nāgam) - Ghaṭotkaca's elephant (elephant, serpent)

• चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - Ghaṭotkaca urged his elephant (he urged, he impelled)

• तम् (tam) - referring to Bhagadatta (him, that, to him)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, indicating sequence (then, thereupon, from there)

• सगजम् (sagajam) - Bhagadatta, accompanied by his elephant (with elephant, accompanied by an elephant)

• भगदत्तम् (bhagadattam) - King Bhagadatta, who rode an elephant. (Bhagadatta (name of a king))

• तु (tu) - emphatic (but, indeed, yet)

• हन्तुकामः (hantukāmaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca wishing to kill (desirous to kill, wishing to strike)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Epithet for Ghaṭotkaca, highlighting his warrior nature. (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

घटोत्कचः (ghaṭotkacaḥ) - Name of Bhīma's son, a powerful rākṣasa warrior. (Ghaṭotkaca (name of a rākṣasa warrior))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Ghaṭotkaca

Ghaṭotkaca - Ghaṭotkaca (name of a rākṣasa, son of Bhīma and Hiḍimbā)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghaṭa+utkaca)

• ghaṭa – pot, jar, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• utkaca – bald, without hair, uplifted hair
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ut

तु (tu) - introduces a slight contrast or continuation (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

स्वम् (svam) - Ghaṭotkaca's own (his own, one's own)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self, kin

Note: Can also be masculine/feminine. Here neuter for nāga (elephant).

नागम् (nāgam) - Ghaṭotkaca's elephant (elephant, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, a mountain, lead

Note: Object of codayāmāsa.

चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - Ghaṭotkaca urged his elephant (he urged, he impelled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of cud

Causative formation of root cud (class 10)

Perfect tense (Lit) form of the causative of cud. codayāṁ cakāra is another form.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Intensive or perfect form of causative verb.

तम् (tam) - referring to Bhagadatta (him, that, to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative singular.

Note: Object of hantukāmaḥ.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, indicating sequence (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad with the tas suffix.

सगजम् (sagajam) - Bhagadatta, accompanied by his elephant (with elephant, accompanied by an elephant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sagaja

sagaja - accompanied by an elephant, with his elephant

Bahuvrīhi compound, sa (with) + gaja (elephant).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaja)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying Bhagadattam.

भगदत्तम् (bhagadattam) - King Bhagadatta, who rode an elephant. (Bhagadatta (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Bhagadatta

Bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (king of Pragjyotiṣa and son of Naraka)

तु (tu) - emphatic (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

हन्तुकामः (hantukāmaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca wishing to kill (desirous to kill, wishing to strike)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantukāma

hantukāma - desirous of killing, wishing to strike

Tatpurusha compound of hantu (infinitive of han) and kāma (desire).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hantu+kāma)

• hantu – to kill, to strike
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  infinitive form of root han
  Root: han (class 2)
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Epithet for Ghaṭotkaca, highlighting his warrior nature. (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound of param (enemy) and tapa (causing pain/heat).

Compound type : tatpurusha (param+tapa)

• param – enemy, hostile
  noun (neuter)
• tapa – causing pain/heat, asceticism, penance
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, to torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet.