महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-49

स कृत्वा दारुणां मायां भीरूणां भयवर्धिनीम् ।
अदृश्यत निमेषार्धाद्घोररूपं समाश्रितः ॥४९॥

49. sa kṛtvā dāruṇāṁ māyāṁ bhīrūṇāṁ bhayavardhinīm ,
adṛśyata nimeṣārdhādghorarūpaṁ samāśritaḥ.

49. saḥ kṛtvā dāruṇām māyām bhīrūṇām bhaya-vardhinīm
adṛśyata nimeṣārdhāt ghorarūpam samāśritaḥ

49. saḥ bhīrūṇām bhaya-vardhinīm dāruṇām māyām
kṛtvā nimeṣārdhāt ghorarūpam samāśritaḥ adṛśyata

49. Having created a dreadful illusion (māyā) that increased the fear of the timid ones, he appeared within half a moment, having assumed a terrible form.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Ghaṭotkaca) (he, that)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having created (having done, having made)

• दारुणाम् (dāruṇām) - dreadful (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

• मायाम् (māyām) - illusion (māyā) (illusion, magic, deception (māyā))

• भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the timid ones (of the timid, of the fearful ones)

• भय-वर्धिनीम् (bhaya-vardhinīm) - which increased fear (increasing fear)

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - appeared (was seen, appeared)

• निमेषार्धात् (nimeṣārdhāt) - within half a moment (from half a wink/moment, within half a wink/moment)

• घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - a terrible form (a dreadful form, terrible appearance)

• समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - having assumed (having resorted to, having assumed)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Ghaṭotkaca) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having created (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root kṛ- (to do, make) with the -tvā suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दारुणाम् (dāruṇām) - dreadful (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh

मायाम् (māyām) - illusion (māyā) (illusion, magic, deception (māyā))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of māyā

māyā - illusion, magic, artifice, deception (māyā)

भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the timid ones (of the timid, of the fearful ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhīru

bhīru - timid, fearful, coward

Note: Used as a collective noun here, referring to 'the timid people'.

भय-वर्धिनीम् (bhaya-vardhinīm) - which increased fear (increasing fear)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhaya-vardhinī

bhaya-vardhinī - increasing fear, causing fear to grow

A compound adjective.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+vardhinī)

• bhaya – fear, dread, alarm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vardhinī – increasing, growing, developing (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent Noun / Adjective
  Derived from the root vṛdh- (to grow, increase) with the -in suffix, feminine form.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - appeared (was seen, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense

Third person singular, passive voice, Imperfect (Laṅ) tense. The initial 'a' is the augment for past tense, 'dṛś' is the root, '-ya' indicates passive voice, and '-ta' is the 3rd person singular ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निमेषार्धात् (nimeṣārdhāt) - within half a moment (from half a wink/moment, within half a wink/moment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nimeṣārdha

nimeṣārdha - half a wink, half a moment

A compound noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nimeṣa+ardha)

• nimeṣa – wink, blink, moment
  noun (masculine)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)

Note: The ablative case is used here to indicate 'within' or 'in the course of' a time period.

घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - a terrible form (a dreadful form, terrible appearance)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of dreadful form, terrible in appearance

A compound adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – dreadful, terrible, fierce
  adjective
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - having assumed (having resorted to, having assumed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāśrita

samāśrita - having resorted to, having assumed, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root śri- (to resort to, serve) with prefixes sam- and ā- and the -ta suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: This participle agrees with the subject 'saḥ'.