महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-54

ते चान्ये चोदिता नागा राक्षसैस्तैर्महाबलैः ।
परिपेतुः सुसंरब्धाश्चतुर्दंष्ट्राश्चतुर्दिशम् ।
भगदत्तस्य तं नागं विषाणैस्तेऽभ्यपीडयन् ॥५४॥

54. te cānye coditā nāgā rākṣasaistairmahābalaiḥ ,
paripetuḥ susaṁrabdhāścaturdaṁṣṭrāścaturdiśam ,
bhagadattasya taṁ nāgaṁ viṣāṇaiste'bhyapīḍayan.

54. te ca anye coditāḥ nāgāḥ rākṣasaiḥ
taiḥ mahābalaiḥ paripetuḥ susaṃrabdhāḥ
caturdaṃṣṭrāḥ caturdiśam Bhagadattasya
tam nāgam viṣāṇaiḥ te abhyapīḍayan

54. Te ca anye coditāḥ nāgāḥ taiḥ mahābalaiḥ rākṣasaiḥ susaṃrabdhāḥ caturdaṃṣṭrāḥ caturdiśam paripetuḥ.
Te viṣāṇaiḥ Bhagadattasya tam nāgam abhyapīḍayan.

54. And those (elephants), along with others, spurred on by the mighty rākṣasas, rushed furiously in all four directions. These four-tusked elephants attacked Bhagadatta's elephant with their tusks.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - referring to the three elephants mentioned earlier (those, they)

• च (ca) - connecting te and anye (and, also)

• अन्ये (anye) - other elephants (others, other ones)

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged by the rākṣasas (urged, impelled, commanded)

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants, in the context of warfare (elephants, serpents)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the rākṣasas, who are the agents (by the rākṣasas, by the demons)

• तैः (taiḥ) - referring to the rākṣasas previously mentioned or understood (by those, by them)

• महाबलैः (mahābalaiḥ) - describing the rākṣasas as mighty (by the mighty ones, by the strong ones)

• परिपेतुः (paripetuḥ) - the elephants rushed around (they flew around, they rushed around)

• सुसंरब्धाः (susaṁrabdhāḥ) - the elephants, in great fury (greatly enraged, highly excited)

• चतुर्दंष्ट्राः (caturdaṁṣṭrāḥ) - describing the elephants as having four tusks, a common mythical attribute (having four tusks)

• चतुर्दिशम् (caturdiśam) - elephants rushed in all directions (in the four directions)

• भगदत्तस्य (bhagadattasya) - belonging to King Bhagadatta (of Bhagadatta)

• तम् (tam) - referring to Bhagadatta's elephant (that, him)

• नागम् (nāgam) - Bhagadatta's elephant, the object of attack (elephant, serpent)

• विषाणैः (viṣāṇaiḥ) - with the elephants' tusks (with tusks, with horns)

• ते (te) - the aforementioned elephants (they, those)

• अभ्यपीडयन् (abhyapīḍayan) - the elephants attacked (Bhagadatta's elephant) (they attacked, they tormented, they pressed upon)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - referring to the three elephants mentioned earlier (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative plural.

Note: Acts as subject.

च (ca) - connecting te and anye (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - other elephants (others, other ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Masculine nominative plural.

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged by the rākṣasas (urged, impelled, commanded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, impelled, commanded, stimulated

Past Passive Participle

From causative of root cud.

Root: cud (class 10)

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants, in the context of warfare (elephants, serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, a mountain, lead

Note: Subject of paripetuḥ.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the rākṣasas, who are the agents (by the rākṣasas, by the demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, a class of mythical beings

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agents of coditāḥ.

तैः (taiḥ) - referring to the rākṣasas previously mentioned or understood (by those, by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine instrumental plural.

महाबलैः (mahābalaiḥ) - describing the rākṣasas as mighty (by the mighty ones, by the strong ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, mighty, very powerful

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + bala (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 10)

Note: Modifies rākṣasaiḥ.

परिपेतुः (paripetuḥ) - the elephants rushed around (they flew around, they rushed around)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of paripat

Perfect tense (Lit) form of pari + root pat.

Perfect 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pari

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Action performed by the elephants.

सुसंरब्धाः (susaṁrabdhāḥ) - the elephants, in great fury (greatly enraged, highly excited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of susaṃrabdha

susaṁrabdha - greatly enraged, highly excited, very furious

Past Passive Participle (intensive)

From su (very) + sam (completely) + root rabh (to seize, to be excited).

Compound type : pra-adi (su+saṃrabdha)

• su – very, well, good
  indeclinable
  adverbial prefix
• saṃrabdha – enraged, excited, begun
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + root rabh
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for the elephants.

चतुर्दंष्ट्राः (caturdaṁṣṭrāḥ) - describing the elephants as having four tusks, a common mythical attribute (having four tusks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caturdaṃṣṭra

caturdaṁṣṭra - having four tusks

Bahuvrīhi compound: catur (four) + daṃṣṭra (tusk).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+daṃṣṭra)

• catur – four
  numeral
• daṃṣṭra – tusk, fang, large tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for the elephants.

चतुर्दिशम् (caturdiśam) - elephants rushed in all directions (in the four directions)

(indeclinable)

Compound catur (four) + diś (direction), with accusative adverbial ending am.

Compound type : dvigu (catur+diś)

• catur – four
  numeral
• diś – direction, quarter (of the sky)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Adverbial of place.

भगदत्तस्य (bhagadattasya) - belonging to King Bhagadatta (of Bhagadatta)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Bhagadatta

Bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (king of Pragjyotiṣa and son of Naraka)

Note: Possessive of nāgam.

तम् (tam) - referring to Bhagadatta's elephant (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative singular.

नागम् (nāgam) - Bhagadatta's elephant, the object of attack (elephant, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, a mountain, lead

विषाणैः (viṣāṇaiḥ) - with the elephants' tusks (with tusks, with horns)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of viṣāṇa

viṣāṇa - tusk, horn, elephant's tusk

Note: Used as the instrument of action.

ते (te) - the aforementioned elephants (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative plural.

अभ्यपीडयन् (abhyapīḍayan) - the elephants attacked (Bhagadatta's elephant) (they attacked, they tormented, they pressed upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of abhipīḍay

Impf. 3rd plural, from causative form pīḍay with prefixes abhi + apa.

Imperfect (Laṅ) 3rd person plural. From abhi + apa + root pīḍ.

Prefixes: abhi+apa

Root: pīḍ (class 10)