महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-20

तं दृष्ट्वा व्यथितं भीममभिमन्युपुरोगमाः ।
नामृष्यन्त महेष्वासाः पाण्डवानां महारथाः ॥२०॥

20. taṁ dṛṣṭvā vyathitaṁ bhīmamabhimanyupurogamāḥ ,
nāmṛṣyanta maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ mahārathāḥ.

20. tam dṛṣṭvā vyathitam bhīmam abhimanyupurogamāḥ
na amṛṣyanta maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ

20. abhimanyupurogamāḥ pāṇḍavānām maheṣvāsāḥ mahārathāḥ
tam vyathitam bhīmam dṛṣṭvā na amṛṣyanta

20. Upon seeing Bhīma in such distress, the great archers and great warriors (mahārathas) of the Pāṇḍavas, led by Abhimanyu, could not endure it.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhīma) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed (distressed, agitated, pained)

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (son of Pāṇḍu) (Bhīma (proper noun))

• अभिमन्युपुरोगमाः (abhimanyupurogamāḥ) - those led by Abhimanyu (those led by Abhimanyu, having Abhimanyu at the forefront)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अमृष्यन्त (amṛṣyanta) - they (could) tolerate (they tolerated, they endured)

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers (great archers, those with great bows)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (mahārathas) (great warriors, great chariot-fighters (mahārathas))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Bhīma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed (distressed, agitated, pained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, agitated, pained, troubled

Past Passive Participle

From root √vyath (to waver, be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Bhīma.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (son of Pāṇḍu) (Bhīma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; name of Bhīma

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

अभिमन्युपुरोगमाः (abhimanyupurogamāḥ) - those led by Abhimanyu (those led by Abhimanyu, having Abhimanyu at the forefront)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhimanyupurogama

abhimanyupurogama - having Abhimanyu as leader/foremost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (abhimanyu+puras+gama)

• abhimanyu – Abhimanyu (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, leader
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the mahārathas.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अमृष्यन्त (amṛṣyanta) - they (could) tolerate (they tolerated, they endured)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of mṛṣ

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra)

Third person plural middle (ātmanepada)

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Used with `na` to mean "could not tolerate".

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers (great archers, those with great bows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - one with a great bow, a great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍava mahārathas.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Note: Possessive.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (mahārathas) (great warriors, great chariot-fighters (mahārathas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand archers simultaneously

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (chariot-fighter)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `amṛṣyanta`.