महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-60, verse-41

स शस्त्रवृष्ट्याभिहतः प्राद्रवद्द्विगुणं पदम् ।
प्राग्ज्योतिषगजो राजन्नानालिङ्गैः सुतेजनैः ॥४१॥

41. sa śastravṛṣṭyābhihataḥ prādravaddviguṇaṁ padam ,
prāgjyotiṣagajo rājannānāliṅgaiḥ sutejanaiḥ.

41. sa śastravṛṣṭyā abhihataḥ prādravat dviguṇaṃ padam
prāgjyotiṣagajaḥ rājan nānāliṅgaiḥ sutejanaiḥ

41. rājan sa prāgjyotiṣagajaḥ nānāliṅgaiḥ sutejanaiḥ
śastravṛṣṭyā abhihataḥ dviguṇaṃ padam prādravat

41. O King, that elephant (gaja) from Pragjyotisha, struck by a shower of various, well-sharpened weapons, fled twice as fast.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (elephant) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• शस्त्रवृष्ट्या (śastravṛṣṭyā) - by a shower of weapons (by a rain of weapons, by a shower of weapons)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck (struck, smitten, assailed)

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - it fled (it ran forth, it fled, it sped)

• द्विगुणं (dviguṇaṁ) - twice (the speed/pace) (twice, double, two-fold)

• पदम् (padam) - pace (implying speed) (step, pace, foot, place, path, speed)

• प्राग्ज्योतिषगजः (prāgjyotiṣagajaḥ) - the elephant from Pragjyotisha (elephant from Pragjyotisha)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• नानालिङ्गैः (nānāliṅgaiḥ) - with various marks (referring to the arrows that struck the elephant) (with various marks, with various features)

• सुतेजनैः (sutejanaiḥ) - with well-sharpened (arrows) (with very sharp, well-sharpened (things))

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (elephant) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant.

शस्त्रवृष्ट्या (śastravṛṣṭyā) - by a shower of weapons (by a rain of weapons, by a shower of weapons)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śastravṛṣṭi

śastravṛṣṭi - shower of weapons

Compound type : tatpurusha (śastra+vṛṣṭi)

• śastra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛṣ
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of 'abhihataḥ'.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck (struck, smitten, assailed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, smitten, assailed

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - it fled (it ran forth, it fled, it sped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

From root √dru, 1st class Parasmaipada, imperfect 3rd singular, with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

द्विगुणं (dviguṇaṁ) - twice (the speed/pace) (twice, double, two-fold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - double, two-fold

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, multiplication, fold
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'prādravat'.

पदम् (padam) - pace (implying speed) (step, pace, foot, place, path, speed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, pace, position, place, speed

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of motion.

प्राग्ज्योतिषगजः (prāgjyotiṣagajaḥ) - the elephant from Pragjyotisha (elephant from Pragjyotisha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāgjyotiṣagaja

prāgjyotiṣagaja - an elephant belonging to or coming from Pragjyotisha (an ancient kingdom in Eastern India)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāgjyotiṣa+gaja)

• prāgjyotiṣa – Pragjyotisha (name of a country)
  proper noun (neuter)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prādravat'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

नानालिङ्गैः (nānāliṅgaiḥ) - with various marks (referring to the arrows that struck the elephant) (with various marks, with various features)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nānāliṅga

nānāliṅga - having various marks, bearing various characteristics

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nānā+liṅga)

• nānā – various, manifold, different
  indeclinable
• liṅga – mark, sign, characteristic, gender, symbol
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lig

Note: Agrees with 'śastravṛṣṭyā' implicitly referring to the arrows.

सुतेजनैः (sutejanaiḥ) - with well-sharpened (arrows) (with very sharp, well-sharpened (things))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sutejana

sutejana - well-sharpened, very keen

From prefix su- (well) + tejana (sharpened, from √tij)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tejana)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• tejana – sharpening, whetting; sharp
  adjective (neuter)
  From √tij (to be sharp)
  Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śastravṛṣṭyā' implicitly referring to the arrows.