योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-82, verse-33

कस्त्वं भवसि भोगानां के वा भोगा भवन्ति ते ।
जडस्यात्मैव ते नास्ति बन्धुमित्रादि तत्कुतः ॥ ३३ ॥

kastvaṃ bhavasi bhogānāṃ ke vā bhogā bhavanti te ,
jaḍasyātmaiva te nāsti bandhumitrādi tatkutaḥ 33

33. kaḥ tvam bhavasi bhogānām ke vā bhogāḥ bhavanti te
jaḍasya ātmā eva te na asti bandhumitra ādi tat kutaḥ

33. tvam bhogānām kaḥ bhavasi vā te ke bhogāḥ bhavanti
jaḍasya te ātmā eva na asti tat bandhumitra ādi kutaḥ

33. Who are you in relation to enjoyments, and what are these enjoyments to you? If you are merely inert, then you truly have no self (ātman) to begin with. From where, then, would there be relatives, friends, and the like for you?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• भवसि (bhavasi) - you are, you exist, you become

• भोगानाम् (bhogānām) - of enjoyments, of experiences

• के (ke) - who, what, which

• वा (vā) - or, and

• भोगाः (bhogāḥ) - enjoyments, experiences

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they exist, they become

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• जडस्य (jaḍasya) - of an inert one, of a dull one

• आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul, spirit

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• ते (te) - for you, to you

• न (na) - not

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• बन्धुमित्र (bandhumitra) - relatives and friends

• आदि (ādi) - and so on, beginning with, et cetera

• तत् (tat) - that, then, therefore

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence, how

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

भवसि (bhavasi) - you are, you exist, you become

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

भोगानाम् (bhogānām) - of enjoyments, of experiences

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, experience, pleasure, object of enjoyment

derived from root bhuj- 'to enjoy'

Root: bhuj (class 7)

के (ke) - who, what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Contextually masculine, referring to 'bhogāḥ'

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

भोगाः (bhogāḥ) - enjoyments, experiences

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, experience, pleasure, object of enjoyment

derived from root bhuj- 'to enjoy'

Root: bhuj (class 7)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they exist, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Also genitive singular, but dative fits 'to you'

जडस्य (jaḍasya) - of an inert one, of a dull one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - inert, dull, unconscious, senseless

Note: Often refers to the body or senses as inert

आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul, spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature

Note: Included in bracketed terms

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - for you, to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Can also be genitive singular. Here dative for 'for you'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

बन्धुमित्र (bandhumitra) - relatives and friends

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bandhumitra

bandhumitra - relatives and friends

Compound type : dvandva (bandhu+mitra)

• bandhu – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
• mitra – friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Here functions as a collective singular for 'relatives, friends, etc.'

आदि (ādi) - and so on, beginning with, et cetera

(indeclinable)

Note: Often forms a compound with the preceding word, here listed separately due to instructions for 'no sandhi'.

तत् (tat) - that, then, therefore

(indeclinable)

Note: Can be pronoun neuter nominative/accusative, or indeclinable. Here functions adverbially.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence, how

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas to kim