योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-82, verse-54

अहं त्विदमहं तन्म इति व्यर्थं किमीहसे ।
असद्वपुः किं स्फुरति शशशृङ्गेण को हतः ॥ ५४ ॥

ahaṃ tvidamahaṃ tanma iti vyarthaṃ kimīhase ,
asadvapuḥ kiṃ sphurati śaśaśṛṅgeṇa ko hataḥ 54

54. aham tu idam aham tat mama iti vyartham kim īhase
asat vapuḥ kim sphurati śaśaśṛṅgeṇa kaḥ hataḥ

54. kim aham tu idam aham tat mama iti vyartham īhase
asat vapuḥ kim sphurati śaśaśṛṅgeṇa kaḥ hataḥ

54. "I am this, I am that, this is mine" – why do you strive for such things in vain (vyartham)? What non-existent body (vapus) manifests itself? Who has ever been harmed by a rabbit's horn?

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I (the ego-sense) (I)

• तु (tu) - (particle of emphasis or transition) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• इदम् (idam) - this (object, referring to attachment) (this)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the ego-sense) (I)

• तत् (tat) - that (object, referring to attachment) (that, it)

• मम (mama) - mine (my, mine)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing or concluding direct speech/thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

• व्यर्थम् (vyartham) - in vain (in vain, uselessly)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

• ईहसे (īhase) - you strive (you strive, you desire, you try)

• असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal (non-existent, unreal, bad)

• वपुः (vapuḥ) - body (vapus), form (body, form, figure)

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle) (what)

• स्फुरति (sphurati) - manifests, appears (appears, flashes, trembles)

• शशशृङ्गेण (śaśaśṛṅgeṇa) - by a rabbit's horn (an example of an impossibility) (by a rabbit's horn)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, harmed (killed, struck, destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I (the ego-sense) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

तु (tu) - (particle of emphasis or transition) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (object, referring to attachment) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अहम् (aham) - I (the ego-sense) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

तत् (tat) - that (object, referring to attachment) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

मम (mama) - mine (my, mine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

इति (iti) - thus (introducing or concluding direct speech/thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

व्यर्थम् (vyartham) - in vain (in vain, uselessly)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (vi+artha)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  upasarga
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Functions adverbially.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially as 'why'.

ईहसे (īhase) - you strive (you strive, you desire, you try)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of īh

Root: īh (class 1)

असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal (non-existent, unreal, bad)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad, not being

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be) + present participle suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• sat – being, existing, real, good
  participle (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'vapuḥ'.

वपुः (vapuḥ) - body (vapus), form (body, form, figure)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vapus

vapus - body, form, figure, nature, beauty

Root: vap

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle) (what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why, how

Note: Often used like an interrogative particle.

स्फुरति (sphurati) - manifests, appears (appears, flashes, trembles)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of sphur

Root: sphur (class 6)

शशशृङ्गेण (śaśaśṛṅgeṇa) - by a rabbit's horn (an example of an impossibility) (by a rabbit's horn)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaśaśṛṅga

śaśaśṛṅga - rabbit's horn (a mythical or impossible object)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śaśa+śṛṅga)

• śaśa – rabbit, hare
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, harmed (killed, struck, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to destroy

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions predicatively.