मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-86
तपः परं कृतयुगे त्रेतायां ज्ञानमुच्यते ।
द्वापरे यज्ञमेवाहुर्दानमेकं कलौ युगे ॥८६॥
द्वापरे यज्ञमेवाहुर्दानमेकं कलौ युगे ॥८६॥
86. tapaḥ paraṁ kṛtayuge tretāyāṁ jñānamucyate ,
dvāpare yajñamevāhurdānamekaṁ kalau yuge.
dvāpare yajñamevāhurdānamekaṁ kalau yuge.
86.
tapaḥ param kṛtayuge tretāyām jñānam ucyate |
dvāpare yajñam eva āhuḥ dānam ekam kalau yuge
dvāpare yajñam eva āhuḥ dānam ekam kalau yuge
86.
Austerity (tapas) is supreme in the Kṛta Yuga, knowledge is declared so in the Tretā Yuga. In the Dvāpara Yuga, they proclaim the Vedic ritual (yajña) alone, and in the Kali Yuga, giving (dāna) is the sole virtue.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual heat
- परम् (param) - supreme, excellent, highest
- कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Krita Yuga, in the Golden Age
- त्रेतायाम् (tretāyām) - in the Treta Yuga
- ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared, is called
- द्वापरे (dvāpare) - in the Dvapara Yuga
- यज्ञम् (yajñam) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare
- दानम् (dānam) - giving, donation, charity
- एकम् (ekam) - one, single, alone
- कलौ (kalau) - in the Kali Yuga
- युगे (yuge) - in the age, in the yuga
Words meanings and morphology
तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual heat
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat
Root: tap (class 1)
परम् (param) - supreme, excellent, highest
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant
कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Krita Yuga, in the Golden Age
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kṛtayuga
kṛtayuga - the Krita age, the golden age, the first of the four world ages
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+yuga)
- kṛta – done, made, performed
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - yuga – age, era, a yuga (one of the four world ages)
noun (masculine)
त्रेतायाम् (tretāyām) - in the Treta Yuga
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of tretā
tretā - the Treta Yuga (the second of the four world ages)
ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, spiritual knowledge
Root: jñā (class 9)
उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared, is called
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac
Present Passive
Root vac becomes uc in passive, third person singular, present tense
Root: vac (class 2)
द्वापरे (dvāpare) - in the Dvapara Yuga
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of dvāpara
dvāpara - the Dvapara Yuga (the third of the four world ages)
यज्ञम् (yajñam) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yajña
yajña - Vedic ritual, devotion, worship, offering
Root: yaj (class 1)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly
(indeclinable)
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of brū
Perfect Active
Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of root brū. The form āha/āhuḥ is irregular.
Root: brū (class 2)
दानम् (dānam) - giving, donation, charity
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - giving, gift, charity, donation
Derived from root dā (to give)
Root: dā (class 3)
एकम् (ekam) - one, single, alone
(numeral)
कलौ (kalau) - in the Kali Yuga
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kali
kali - the Kali Yuga, strife, dispute
युगे (yuge) - in the age, in the yuga
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of yuga
yuga - age, era, a yuga