मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-21
सर्वेषां तु स नामानि कर्माणि च पृथक पृथक ।
वेदशब्देभ्य एवादौ पृथक संस्थाश्च निर्ममे ॥२१॥
वेदशब्देभ्य एवादौ पृथक संस्थाश्च निर्ममे ॥२१॥
21. sarveṣāṁ tu sa nāmāni karmāṇi ca pṛthak pṛthak ,
vedaśabdebhya evādau pṛthak saṁsthāśca nirmame.
vedaśabdebhya evādau pṛthak saṁsthāśca nirmame.
21.
sarveṣām tu saḥ nāmāni karmāṇi ca pṛthak pṛthak
vedaśabdebhyaḥ eva ādau pṛthak saṃsthāḥ ca nirmame
vedaśabdebhyaḥ eva ādau pṛthak saṃsthāḥ ca nirmame
21.
ādau saḥ tu vedaśabdebhyaḥ eva sarveṣām nāmāni ca
karmāṇi ca pṛthak pṛthak pṛthak saṃsthāḥ ca nirmame
karmāṇi ca pṛthak pṛthak pṛthak saṃsthāḥ ca nirmame
21.
In the beginning, he (the Creator) fashioned the distinct names and duties (karma) for all beings, as well as separate institutions, solely from the words of the Veda.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all beings (of all, of everyone)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand
- सः (saḥ) - he (the Creator) (he, that)
- नामानि (nāmāni) - names
- कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - duties (karma) (actions, deeds, duties, results of actions)
- च (ca) - and, also
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, individually
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, individually
- वेदशब्देभ्यः (vedaśabdebhyaḥ) - from the words of the Veda, from Vedic sounds
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exclusively
- आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning, at first
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, individually
- संस्थाः (saṁsthāḥ) - institutions, arrangements, forms, establishments
- च (ca) - and, also
- निर्ममे (nirmame) - he (the Creator) fashioned (he fashioned, he created)
Words meanings and morphology
सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all beings (of all, of everyone)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Refers to all beings mentioned in the creation context.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as a particle to mark emphasis or a slight turn.
सः (saḥ) - he (the Creator) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the Creator (Prajāpati) who is the subject of creation.
नामानि (nāmāni) - names
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of nāman
nāman - name, appellation, noun
कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - duties (karma) (actions, deeds, duties, results of actions)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, destiny
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to the duties or functions assigned to various beings.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, individually
(indeclinable)
पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, individually
(indeclinable)
Note: Repetition emphasizes 'each one separately'.
वेदशब्देभ्यः (vedaśabdebhyaḥ) - from the words of the Veda, from Vedic sounds
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, plural of vedaśabda
vedaśabda - Vedic word, sound of the Veda
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+śabda)
- veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda
noun (masculine)
Root: vid (class 2) - śabda – sound, word, speech
noun (masculine)
Note: Indicates the source from which creation occurred.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exclusively
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes that the Veda alone was the source.
आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning, at first
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of ādi
ādi - beginning, first, origin
Note: Temporal adverb.
पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, individually
(indeclinable)
Note: Applies to 'saṃsthāḥ' (institutions).
संस्थाः (saṁsthāḥ) - institutions, arrangements, forms, establishments
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of saṃsthā
saṁsthā - institution, establishment, arrangement, form, state, condition
Derived from sam-sthā 'to stand together, arrange'.
Prefix: sam
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Refers to the distinct orders or systems created for various beings.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
निर्ममे (nirmame) - he (the Creator) fashioned (he fashioned, he created)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nirmā
Perfect tense, ātmanepada
3rd person singular, perfect active, ātmanepada of √mā (to measure, fashion) with prefix nir-.
Prefix: nir
Root: mā (class 2)
Note: The subject is the Creator, 'saḥ'.