मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-5
आसीदिदं तमोभूतमप्रज्ञातमलक्षणम ।
अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं प्रसुप्तमिव सर्वतः ॥५॥
अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं प्रसुप्तमिव सर्वतः ॥५॥
5. āsīdidaṁ tamobhūtamaprajñātamalakṣaṇam ,
apratarkyamavijñeyaṁ prasuptamiva sarvataḥ.
apratarkyamavijñeyaṁ prasuptamiva sarvataḥ.
5.
āśīt idam tamaḥ-bhūtam aprajñātam alakṣaṇam
apratarkyam avijñeyam prasuptam iva sarvataḥ
apratarkyam avijñeyam prasuptam iva sarvataḥ
5.
idam tamaḥ-bhūtam aprajñātam alakṣaṇam
apratarkyam avijñeyam sarvataḥ prasuptam iva āśīt
apratarkyam avijñeyam sarvataḥ prasuptam iva āśīt
5.
Initially, this (universe) was enveloped in darkness, indiscernible and without any distinguishing characteristics. It was beyond conceptualization and comprehension, as if completely submerged in deep sleep.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आशीत् (āśīt) - was, existed
- इदम् (idam) - this universe (this, this universe)
- तमः-भूतम् (tamaḥ-bhūtam) - darkness-enveloped, covered by darkness
- अप्रज्ञातम् (aprajñātam) - unknowable, indiscernible
- अलक्षणम् (alakṣaṇam) - without distinguishing marks, featureless
- अप्रतर्क्यम् (apratarkyam) - inconceivable, beyond reasoning
- अविज्ञेयम् (avijñeyam) - incomprehensible, unknowable
- प्रसुप्तम् (prasuptam) - deeply asleep, dormant
- इव (iva) - as if, like
- सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - completely (everywhere, completely, on all sides)
Words meanings and morphology
आशीत् (āśīt) - was, existed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
Note: From root √as (2nd class), imperfect 3rd singular.
इदम् (idam) - this universe (this, this universe)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this
Note: Used here as a demonstrative pronoun referring to the cosmos.
तमः-भूतम् (tamaḥ-bhūtam) - darkness-enveloped, covered by darkness
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tamaḥ-bhūta
tamaḥ-bhūta - darkness-become, enveloped in darkness
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tamas+bhūta)
- tamas – darkness, gloom
noun (neuter) - bhūta – become, happened, past
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root √bhū 'to be, to become'
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Compound modifying 'idam'.
अप्रज्ञातम् (aprajñātam) - unknowable, indiscernible
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of aprajñāta
aprajñāta - unknown, undiscovered, indiscernible
Past Passive Participle
Formed from 'a' (negation) + 'pra' (prefix) + √jñā (to know) + -ta (ppp suffix).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prajñāta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - prajñāta – known, recognized
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From pra-√jñā 'to know well'
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Modifies 'idam'.
अलक्षणम् (alakṣaṇam) - without distinguishing marks, featureless
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of alakṣaṇa
alakṣaṇa - without a mark, featureless, devoid of characteristics
Formed from 'a' (negation) + 'lakṣaṇa' (mark, characteristic).
Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+lakṣaṇa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, feature
noun (neuter)
Note: Modifies 'idam'.
अप्रतर्क्यम् (apratarkyam) - inconceivable, beyond reasoning
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of apratarkya
apratarkya - not to be reasoned about, inconceivable, incomprehensible
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
From 'a' (negation) + 'prati' (prefix) + √tark (to reason) + -ya (gerundive suffix).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratarkya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - pratarkya – to be reasoned about, conceivable
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive
From prati-√tark 'to reason, to consider'
Prefix: prati
Root: tark (class 10)
Note: Modifies 'idam'.
अविज्ञेयम् (avijñeyam) - incomprehensible, unknowable
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of avijñeya
avijñeya - not to be known, unknowable, incomprehensible
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
From 'a' (negation) + 'vi' (prefix) + √jñā (to know) + -ya (gerundive suffix).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñeya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - vijñeya – to be known, comprehensible
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive
From vi-√jñā 'to discern, to understand'
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Modifies 'idam'.
प्रसुप्तम् (prasuptam) - deeply asleep, dormant
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prasupta
prasupta - fallen asleep, deeply sleeping, dormant
Past Passive Participle
From pra-√svap 'to sleep deeply'.
Prefix: pra
Root: svap (class 2)
Note: Modifies 'idam'.
इव (iva) - as if, like
(indeclinable)
Note: Particle of comparison.
सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - completely (everywhere, completely, on all sides)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'sarva' (all) + -tas (suffix indicating 'from' or 'on all sides').
Note: Adverbial use.