मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-82
इतरेष्वागमाद धर्मः पादशस्त्ववरोपितः ।
चौरिकानृतमायाभिर्धर्मश्चापैति पादशः ॥८२॥
चौरिकानृतमायाभिर्धर्मश्चापैति पादशः ॥८२॥
82. itareṣvāgamād dharmaḥ pādaśastvavaropitaḥ ,
caurikānṛtamāyābhirdharmaścāpaiti pādaśaḥ.
caurikānṛtamāyābhirdharmaścāpaiti pādaśaḥ.
82.
itareṣu āgamāt dharmaḥ pādaśaḥ tu avaropitaḥ
caurikānṛtamāyābhiḥ dharmaḥ ca apaiti pādaśaḥ
caurikānṛtamāyābhiḥ dharmaḥ ca apaiti pādaśaḥ
82.
However, in the other ages, natural law (dharma) is diminished quarter by quarter from its original state. And by means of theft, untruth, and deception (māyā), natural law (dharma) recedes quarter by quarter.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in the other (ages, referring to Tretā, Dvāpara, Kali) (in others, among others)
- आगमात् (āgamāt) - from the pristine state / from its full manifestation (from acquisition, from coming, from tradition, from sacred text)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature)
- पादशः (pādaśaḥ) - by a quarter (at each successive age) (by a quarter, by a foot, step by step)
- तु (tu) - however, but (but, indeed, however)
- अवरोपितः (avaropitaḥ) - diminished, reduced (referring to dharma) (reduced, diminished, caused to descend, planted)
- चौरिकानृतमायाभिः (caurikānṛtamāyābhiḥ) - by means of theft, untruth, and deception (māyā) (by theft, untruth, and illusion)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अपैति (apaiti) - recedes, diminishes (goes away, recedes, ceases)
- पादशः (pādaśaḥ) - by a quarter (at each successive age) (by a quarter, by a foot, step by step)
Words meanings and morphology
इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in the other (ages, referring to Tretā, Dvāpara, Kali) (in others, among others)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, plural of itara
itara - other, another, different
Note: Refers to the yugas other than Kṛta, implicitly 'yugeṣu'.
आगमात् (āgamāt) - from the pristine state / from its full manifestation (from acquisition, from coming, from tradition, from sacred text)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of āgama
āgama - arrival, approach, acquisition, gain, tradition, scripture, origin
From 'ā-' (towards) + root 'gam' (to go).
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Indicates the source of decline.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, religion
From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'avaropitaḥ'.
पादशः (pādaśaḥ) - by a quarter (at each successive age) (by a quarter, by a foot, step by step)
(indeclinable)
From 'pāda' (quarter/foot) with the '-śas' suffix meaning 'by parts/portions'.
Note: Adverbial, describing the manner of diminution.
तु (tu) - however, but (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
अवरोपितः (avaropitaḥ) - diminished, reduced (referring to dharma) (reduced, diminished, caused to descend, planted)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avaropita
avaropita - caused to descend, diminished, reduced, planted, lowered
Past Passive Participle
From 'ava-' (down) + root 'ruh' (to grow, ascend), in causative form.
Prefix: ava
Root: ruh (class 1)
चौरिकानृतमायाभिः (caurikānṛtamāyābhiḥ) - by means of theft, untruth, and deception (māyā) (by theft, untruth, and illusion)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of caurikānṛtamāyā
caurikānṛtamāyā - theft, untruth, and illusion/deception
Dvandva compound of 'caurikā' (theft), 'anṛta' (untruth), and 'māyā' (deception/illusion).
Compound type : dvandva (caurikā+anṛta+māyā)
- caurikā – theft, thievery
noun (feminine)
From 'caura' (thief).
Root: cur (class 10) - anṛta – untruth, falsehood, lie, untrue
noun/adjective (neuter)
Negation ('an-') of 'ṛta' (truth, cosmic order). - māyā – illusion, deception, magic, artifice, creative power (māyā)
noun (feminine)
From root 'mā' (to measure, form).
Root: mā (class 2)
Note: Indicates the means of dharma's decline.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, religion
From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'apaiti'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two clauses describing dharma's decline.
अपैति (apaiti) - recedes, diminishes (goes away, recedes, ceases)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of apaiti
Present tense, Active voice
3rd person singular, present indicative, from 'apa-' (away) + root 'i' (to go).
Prefix: apa
Root: i (class 2)
पादशः (pādaśaḥ) - by a quarter (at each successive age) (by a quarter, by a foot, step by step)
(indeclinable)
From 'pāda' (quarter/foot) with the '-śas' suffix meaning 'by parts/portions'.
Note: Adverbial, describing the manner of recession.