मनु-स्मृतिः manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-1, verse-81

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चतुष्पात सकलो धर्मः सत्यं चैव कृते युगे ।
नाधर्मेणागमः कश्चिन मनुष्यान प्रति वर्तते ॥८१॥

81. catuṣpāt sakalo dharmaḥ satyaṁ caiva kṛte yuge ,
nādharmeṇāgamaḥ kaścin manuṣyān prati vartate.

81. caturṣpāt sakalaḥ dharmaḥ satyam ca eva kṛte yuge
na adharmeṇa āgamaḥ kaścit manuṣyān prati vartate

81. In the Kṛta age, the entire natural law (dharma) stands on all four feet, accompanied by truth. There is no gain for humans through unrighteousness.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

चतुर्ष्पात् (caturṣpāt) - (describing dharma) having four complete parts or standing on all four feet (four-footed, four-part)

सकलः (sakalaḥ) - entire and complete (dharma) (complete, entire, all)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) or cosmic order (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

कृते (kṛte) - in the Kṛta age (in the Kṛta (age), done, made)

युगे (yuge) - in the age (in the age, in the era)

न (na) - not (not, no)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - through unrighteousness (by unrighteousness, by injustice)

आगमः (āgamaḥ) - acquisition, gain (arrival, coming, acquisition, tradition)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any whatsoever (anyone, someone, any, some)

मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - for humans (humans, men)

प्रति (prati) - for, in relation to (towards, against, concerning, for)

वर्तते (vartate) - occurs, exists (exists, occurs, turns, continues)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्ष्पात् (caturṣpāt) - (describing dharma) having four complete parts or standing on all four feet (four-footed, four-part)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturṣpād

caturṣpād - four-footed, having four parts

Derived from catur (four) and pād (foot/part). The final 'd' becomes 't' due to external sandhi, or in a stem, it becomes 'ṣ' before 'p'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (catur+pād)

catur – four
numeral/adjective
pād – foot, part, quarter
noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

सकलः (sakalaḥ) - entire and complete (dharma) (complete, entire, all)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakala

sakala - whole, complete, entire, all

From 'sa' (with) + 'kala' (part).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+kala)

sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable
kala – part, portion
noun (masculine)
Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) or cosmic order (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, religion

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, real, true

From 'sant' (being) + '-ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Parallel subject with 'dharmaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

कृते (kṛte) - in the Kṛta age (in the Kṛta (age), done, made)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, (as noun) Kṛta age (Satya Yuga)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as a proper noun in the locative case, referring to the Kṛta Yuga.

युगे (yuge) - in the age (in the age, in the era)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yuga

yuga - age, era, epoch, yoke, pair

Root: yuj (class 7)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the clause 'adharmeṇa āgamaḥ...vartate'.

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - through unrighteousness (by unrighteousness, by injustice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of natural law

Negation ('a-') of 'dharma'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

a – not, non-
prefix/indeclinable
Negation prefix.
dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, religion
noun (masculine)
From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means.

आगमः (āgamaḥ) - acquisition, gain (arrival, coming, acquisition, tradition)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgama

āgama - arrival, approach, acquisition, gain, tradition, scripture

From 'ā-' (towards) + root 'gam' (to go).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vartate'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any whatsoever (anyone, someone, any, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, any, some (indefinite pronoun)

From 'kad' (who) + 'cid' (particle of indefiniteness). 'd' becomes 'ś' before 'c', then 't' at word end. Original form `kaścid` becomes `kaścit` due to sandhi rules at word end.

Note: Modifies 'āgamaḥ'. 'kaścin' in Devanagari is 'kaścit' + sandhi with 'manuṣyān'.

मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - for humans (humans, men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human, man, person

From 'manu' (man, ancestor of humanity).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Governed by the preposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - for, in relation to (towards, against, concerning, for)

(indeclinable)

वर्तते (vartate) - occurs, exists (exists, occurs, turns, continues)

(verb)