मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-107
अस्मिन धर्मेऽखिलेनोक्तौ गुणदोषौ च कर्मणाम ।
चतुर्णामपि वर्णानामाचारश्चैव शाश्वतः ॥१०७॥
चतुर्णामपि वर्णानामाचारश्चैव शाश्वतः ॥१०७॥
107. asmin dharme'khilenoktau guṇadoṣau ca karmaṇām ,
caturṇāmapi varṇānāmācāraścaiva śāśvataḥ.
caturṇāmapi varṇānāmācāraścaiva śāśvataḥ.
107.
asmin dharme akhilena uktau guṇadoṣau ca karmaṇām
caturṇām api varṇānām ācāraḥ ca eva śāśvataḥ
caturṇām api varṇānām ācāraḥ ca eva śāśvataḥ
107.
asmin dharme karmaṇām guṇadoṣau ca akhilena uktau
caturṇām api varṇānām ācāraḥ ca eva śāśvataḥ
caturṇām api varṇānām ācāraḥ ca eva śāśvataḥ
107.
In this (text related to) natural law (dharma), the merits and demerits of actions (karma) are fully explained. Also, the eternal code of conduct for all four social classes is laid down.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (text, context, or treatise) (in this)
- धर्मे (dharme) - in this text pertaining to natural law (dharma) (in the natural law, in the constitution, in the duty)
- अखिलेन (akhilena) - fully or entirely (explained) (by entire, completely, thoroughly)
- उक्तौ (uktau) - are stated (referring to merits and demerits) (stated, declared, said (dual))
- गुणदोषौ (guṇadoṣau) - merits and demerits, virtues and faults
- च (ca) - and, also
- कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, of deeds
- चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of four
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of social orders, of classes
- आचारः (ācāraḥ) - conduct, custom, practice, behavior
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly
- शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal, perpetual, constant
Words meanings and morphology
अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (text, context, or treatise) (in this)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one
धर्मे (dharme) - in this text pertaining to natural law (dharma) (in the natural law, in the constitution, in the duty)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
अखिलेन (akhilena) - fully or entirely (explained) (by entire, completely, thoroughly)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of akhila
akhila - entire, whole, complete, all
Compound of a (not) + khila (gap, deficiency)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+khila)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - khila – gap, deficiency, waste land
noun (neuter)
Note: Used adverbially to mean 'completely' or 'fully'.
उक्तौ (uktau) - are stated (referring to merits and demerits) (stated, declared, said (dual))
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, dual of ukta
ukta - said, spoken, stated, declared
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle of root vac
Root: vac (class 2)
गुणदोषौ (guṇadoṣau) - merits and demerits, virtues and faults
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of guṇadoṣa
guṇadoṣa - merits and demerits, virtues and faults, qualities and defects
Compound type : dvandva (guṇa+doṣa)
- guṇa – quality, merit, virtue, excellence, attribute
noun (masculine) - doṣa – fault, defect, vice, demerit, sin
noun (masculine)
From root 'duṣ' (to be corrupt, faulty)
Root: duṣ (class 4)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, of deeds
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions
From root kṛ (to do, make) + man suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of four
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with 'varṇānām'.
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of social orders, of classes
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, form, class, social order, caste, letter, syllable
From root vṛ (to cover, choose)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
आचारः (ācāraḥ) - conduct, custom, practice, behavior
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ācāra
ācāra - custom, practice, conduct, behavior, usage, rule
From prefix ā + root car (to move, behave)
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly
(indeclinable)
शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal, perpetual, constant
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śāśvata
śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent
From śaśvat (always, constantly)