मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-34
अहं प्रजाः सिसृक्षुस्तु तपस्तप्त्वा सुदुश्चरम ।
पतीन प्रजानामसृजं महर्षीनादितो दश ॥३४॥
पतीन प्रजानामसृजं महर्षीनादितो दश ॥३४॥
34. ahaṁ prajāḥ sisṛkṣustu tapastaptvā suduścaram ,
patīn prajānāmasṛjaṁ maharṣīnādito daśa.
patīn prajānāmasṛjaṁ maharṣīnādito daśa.
34.
aham prajāḥ sisṛkṣuḥ tu tapaḥ taptvā suduścaram
patīn prajānām asṛjam maharṣīn āditaḥ daśa
patīn prajānām asṛjam maharṣīn āditaḥ daśa
34.
tu aham prajāḥ sisṛkṣuḥ suduścaram tapaḥ taptvā
āditaḥ prajānām patīn daśa maharṣīn asṛjam
āditaḥ prajānām patīn daśa maharṣīn asṛjam
34.
Indeed, I, desiring to create progeny, first performed extremely severe austerity (tapas). Then I created the ten great sages (maharṣi) as the lords of creation.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Brahmā) (I)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - progeny, beings (progeny, subjects, creatures)
- सिसृक्षुः (sisṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to create (progeny) (desiring to create, wishing to emit)
- तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing) (indeed, but, on the other hand)
- तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)
- तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (austerity) (having performed, having heated)
- सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - extremely severe (austerity) (very difficult to perform, extremely severe)
- पतीन् (patīn) - lords (of creation) (lords, masters, husbands)
- प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the beings/creatures (of progeny, of creatures)
- असृजम् (asṛjam) - I created (I created, I emitted)
- महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - the great sages (maharṣi) (great sages)
- आदितः (āditaḥ) - initially, first (from the beginning, initially, firstly)
- दश (daśa) - ten
Words meanings and morphology
अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Brahmā) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I
Note: Subject of asṛjam
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - progeny, beings (progeny, subjects, creatures)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, creatures
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of sisṛkṣuḥ
सिसृक्षुः (sisṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to create (progeny) (desiring to create, wishing to emit)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sisṛkṣu
sisṛkṣu - desiring to create/emit
desiderative adjective
Desiderative form of sṛj (to create) + u suffix
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: Refers to the subject 'aham'
तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing) (indeed, but, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: Governed by taptvā
तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (austerity) (having performed, having heated)
(indeclinable)
absolutive
From root tap (to heat, suffer, perform austerity) + ktvā suffix
Root: tap (class 1)
सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - extremely severe (austerity) (very difficult to perform, extremely severe)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of suduścara
suduścara - very difficult to perform, extremely severe
Compound of su (very) + duścara (difficult to perform)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+duścara)
- su – good, well, very, excellent
indeclinable
Prefix denoting excellence or intensity - duścara – difficult to perform/cross
adjective (neuter)
gerundive-like
From dus (difficult) + √car (to move, perform)
Prefix: dus
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Agrees with tapaḥ
पतीन् (patīn) - lords (of creation) (lords, masters, husbands)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of pati
pati - lord, master, husband
Note: Object of asṛjam, governing prajānām
प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the beings/creatures (of progeny, of creatures)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, creatures
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Governed by patīn
असृजम् (asṛjam) - I created (I created, I emitted)
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of sṛj
Root: sṛj (class 6)
महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - the great sages (maharṣi) (great sages)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of maharṣi
maharṣi - great sage
Compound of mahā (great) + ṛṣi (sage)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)
- mahā – great, large
adjective - ṛṣi – sage, seer
noun (masculine)
Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Agrees with patīn
आदितः (āditaḥ) - initially, first (from the beginning, initially, firstly)
(indeclinable)
From ādi (beginning) + tasi suffix
दश (daśa) - ten
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with maharṣīn