मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-103
विदुषा ब्राह्मणेनैदमध्येतव्यं प्रयत्नतः ।
शिश्येभ्यश्च प्रवक्तव्यं सम्यG नान्येन केन चित ॥१०३॥
शिश्येभ्यश्च प्रवक्तव्यं सम्यG नान्येन केन चित ॥१०३॥
103. viduṣā brāhmaṇenaidamadhyetavyaṁ prayatnataḥ ,
śiśyebhyaśca pravaktavyaṁ samyaG nānyena kena cit.
śiśyebhyaśca pravaktavyaṁ samyaG nānyena kena cit.
103.
viduṣā brāhmaṇena idam adhyetavyam prayatnataḥ
śiśyebhyaḥ ca pravaktavyam samyak na anyena kena cit
śiśyebhyaḥ ca pravaktavyam samyak na anyena kena cit
103.
viduṣā brāhmaṇena idam prayatnataḥ adhyetavyam ca
śiśyebhyaḥ samyak pravaktavyam anyena kena cit na
śiśyebhyaḥ samyak pravaktavyam anyena kena cit na
103.
This (scripture) must be diligently studied by a learned brahmin, and it must be properly expounded to students, but certainly not by anyone else.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विदुषा (viduṣā) - by a well-versed scholar (referring to a brahmin) (by a learned person, by a wise man)
- ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a member of the priestly class (by a brahmin, by one belonging to the priestly class)
- इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the scripture mentioned earlier) (this)
- अध्येतव्यम् (adhyetavyam) - must be learned and mastered (should be studied, to be read)
- प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with great effort and care (with effort, diligently, carefully)
- शिश्येभ्यः (śiśyebhyaḥ) - to one's disciples (to students, for pupils)
- च (ca) - and, moreover (and, also)
- प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - must be elucidated and explained (should be taught, to be expounded)
- सम्यक् (samyak) - thoroughly and accurately (properly, correctly, completely, entirely)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- अन्येन (anyena) - by any other person (by another, by a different one)
- केन (kena) - by any (indefinite pronoun) (by whom, by what)
- चित् (cit) - whatsoever (whatever, any (indefinite particle))
Words meanings and morphology
विदुषा (viduṣā) - by a well-versed scholar (referring to a brahmin) (by a learned person, by a wise man)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidus
vidus - learned, wise, knowing
Past Active Participle
From √vid (to know) with -us suffix.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇena'.
ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a member of the priestly class (by a brahmin, by one belonging to the priestly class)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, relating to Brahman, holy
From brahman (Veda/spiritual power) + aṇa (taddhita suffix).
Note: Agent of the passive 'adhyetavyam'.
इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the scripture mentioned earlier) (this)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, here
Note: Object of 'adhyetavyam'.
अध्येतव्यम् (adhyetavyam) - must be learned and mastered (should be studied, to be read)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyetavya
adhyetavya - to be studied, to be read
Gerundive
From adhi + √i (to go, to learn) + tavya (gerundive suffix).
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Predicate of 'idam'.
प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with great effort and care (with effort, diligently, carefully)
(indeclinable)
From prayatna (effort) + tas (adverbial suffix).
Note: Modifies 'adhyetavyam' and 'pravaktavyam'.
शिश्येभ्यः (śiśyebhyaḥ) - to one's disciples (to students, for pupils)
(noun)
Dative, masculine, plural of śiśya
śiśya - pupil, student, disciple
Gerundive
From √śās (to instruct) + ya (suffix). Meaning 'one who is to be instructed'.
Root: śās (class 2)
च (ca) - and, moreover (and, also)
(indeclinable)
प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - must be elucidated and explained (should be taught, to be expounded)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pravaktavya
pravaktavya - to be taught, to be declared, to be expounded
Gerundive
From pra + √vac (to speak, tell) + tavya (gerundive suffix).
Prefix: pra
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Predicate of 'idam' (implied).
सम्यक् (samyak) - thoroughly and accurately (properly, correctly, completely, entirely)
(indeclinable)
From sam-añc (to go together, to be complete).
Root: añc (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'pravaktavyam'.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
अन्येन (anyena) - by any other person (by another, by a different one)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, different, another
Note: Agent of 'pravaktavyam' (negated).
केन (kena) - by any (indefinite pronoun) (by whom, by what)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
चित् (cit) - whatsoever (whatever, any (indefinite particle))
(indeclinable)
Particle used to form indefinite pronouns/adjectives (e.g., kaś-cit 'someone', kva-cit 'somewhere').