मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-73
तद वै युगसहस्रान्तं ब्राह्मं पुण्यमहर्विदुः ।
रात्रिं च तावतीमेव तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥७३॥
रात्रिं च तावतीमेव तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥७३॥
73. tad vai yugasahasrāntaṁ brāhmaṁ puṇyamaharviduḥ ,
rātriṁ ca tāvatīmeva te'horātravido janāḥ.
rātriṁ ca tāvatīmeva te'horātravido janāḥ.
73.
tad vai yugasahasrāntam brāhmam puṇyam ahaḥ viduḥ
rātrim ca tāvatīm eva te ahorātravidaḥ janāḥ
rātrim ca tāvatīm eva te ahorātravidaḥ janāḥ
73.
te janāḥ ahorātravidaḥ vai,
brāhmam puṇyam ahaḥ yugasahasrāntam tad viduḥ; ca tāvatīm eva rātrim.
brāhmam puṇyam ahaḥ yugasahasrāntam tad viduḥ; ca tāvatīm eva rātrim.
73.
Indeed, those who comprehend the nature of day and night know that a day of Brahmā spans a thousand ages (yugas) and is sacred, and his night is of the same duration.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तद् (tad) - refers to the day of Brahmā (that, therefore, then)
- वै (vai) - an emphatic particle (indeed, surely, verily)
- युगसहस्रान्तम् (yugasahasrāntam) - referring to the duration of a day of Brahmā (ending with a thousand ages, lasting a thousand ages)
- ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - pertaining to Brahmā (relating to Brahmā, divine)
- पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - sacred, meritorious (sacred, meritorious, holy, auspicious)
- अहः (ahaḥ) - a day in the cosmic cycle of Brahmā (day)
- विदुः (viduḥ) - they (the wise people) understand (they know, they understand)
- रात्रिम् (rātrim) - the night of Brahmā (night)
- च (ca) - connecting the day and night of Brahmā (and, also)
- तावतीम् (tāvatīm) - of the same duration (as the day) (of that much, of that duration, equally long)
- एव (eva) - emphasizing 'of the same duration' (only, just, indeed)
- ते (te) - refers to 'janāḥ' (people) (they)
- अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātravidaḥ) - people who understand the duration of day and night (of Brahmā) (knowers of day and night)
- जनाः (janāḥ) - people (who are wise) (people, persons)
Words meanings and morphology
तद् (tad) - refers to the day of Brahmā (that, therefore, then)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this, he, she, it
Note: Refers to `ahaḥ` (day), which is neuter.
वै (vai) - an emphatic particle (indeed, surely, verily)
(indeclinable)
युगसहस्रान्तम् (yugasahasrāntam) - referring to the duration of a day of Brahmā (ending with a thousand ages, lasting a thousand ages)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yugasahasrānta
yugasahasrānta - ending with a thousand yugas
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+sahasra+anta)
- yuga – age, epoch
noun (masculine/neuter) - sahasra – thousand
noun (neuter) - anta – end, limit
noun (masculine)
Note: Compound of `yuga` (age), `sahasra` (thousand), and `anta` (end). Here, it means 'having a thousand ages as its end/duration'.
ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - pertaining to Brahmā (relating to Brahmā, divine)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of brāhma
brāhma - pertaining to Brahmā, divine
derived from Brahmā with `aṇ` suffix
Note: Agrees with `ahaḥ`.
पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - sacred, meritorious (sacred, meritorious, holy, auspicious)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya
puṇya - sacred, holy, meritorious, auspicious
Note: Agrees with `ahaḥ`.
अहः (ahaḥ) - a day in the cosmic cycle of Brahmā (day)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan
ahan - day
Note: The object of `viduḥ` (understood).
विदुः (viduḥ) - they (the wise people) understand (they know, they understand)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid
Root: vid (class 2)
रात्रिम् (rātrim) - the night of Brahmā (night)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
Note: Object of `viduḥ` (understood).
च (ca) - connecting the day and night of Brahmā (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Postpositive conjunction.
तावतीम् (tāvatīm) - of the same duration (as the day) (of that much, of that duration, equally long)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tāvat
tāvat - so much, so many, so long
feminine form of `tāvat`
Note: Agrees with `rātrim`.
एव (eva) - emphasizing 'of the same duration' (only, just, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
ते (te) - refers to 'janāḥ' (people) (they)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Subject of `viduḥ`.
अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātravidaḥ) - people who understand the duration of day and night (of Brahmā) (knowers of day and night)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ahorātravid
ahorātravid - knower of day and night
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ahorātra+vid)
- ahorātra – day and night
noun (neuter) - vid – knower, one who knows
noun (masculine)
derived from root `vid` 'to know'
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Compound of `ahorātra` (day and night) and `vid` (knower).
जनाः (janāḥ) - people (who are wise) (people, persons)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jana
jana - person, people, creature
Note: Main subject of the sentence.