मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-1, verse-83
अरोगाः सर्वसिद्धार्थाश्चतुर्वर्षशतायुषः ।
कृते त्रेतादिषु ह्येषामायुर्ह्रसति पादशः ॥८३॥
कृते त्रेतादिषु ह्येषामायुर्ह्रसति पादशः ॥८३॥
83. arogāḥ sarvasiddhārthāścaturvarṣaśatāyuṣaḥ ,
kṛte tretādiṣu hyeṣāmāyurhrasati pādaśaḥ.
kṛte tretādiṣu hyeṣāmāyurhrasati pādaśaḥ.
83.
arogāḥ sarvasiddhārthāḥ caturvarṣaśatāyuṣaḥ
kṛte tretā ādiṣu hi eṣām āyuḥ hrasati pādaśaḥ
kṛte tretā ādiṣu hi eṣām āyuḥ hrasati pādaśaḥ
83.
In the Kṛta age, people are free from disease, have all their goals accomplished, and live for four hundred years. Indeed, in the Tretā and subsequent ages, their lifespan decreases by a quarter in each (successive) age.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अरोगाः (arogāḥ) - free from disease (free from disease, healthy)
- सर्वसिद्धार्थाः (sarvasiddhārthāḥ) - having all their goals accomplished (whose purposes are all accomplished, achieving all goals)
- चतुर्वर्षशतायुषः (caturvarṣaśatāyuṣaḥ) - having a lifespan of four hundred years
- कृते (kṛte) - in the Kṛta age (in the Kṛta (age), done, made)
- त्रेता (tretā) - Tretā age (Tretā (age))
- आदिषु (ādiṣu) - and in subsequent ones (ages) (in others, in commencements, etc.)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)
- एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (people mentioned in the first line) (of these, their)
- आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan (lifespan, life)
- ह्रसति (hrasati) - decreases (decreases, diminishes, shortens)
- पादशः (pādaśaḥ) - by a quarter (at each successive age) (by a quarter, by a foot, step by step)
Words meanings and morphology
अरोगाः (arogāḥ) - free from disease (free from disease, healthy)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of aroga
aroga - free from disease, healthy, well
Negation ('a-') of 'roga' (disease).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+roga)
- a – not, non-
prefix/indeclinable
Negation prefix. - roga – disease, sickness, ailment
noun (masculine)
From root 'ruj' (to break).
Root: ruj (class 6)
Note: Predicate adjective for implied 'people' of the Kṛta age.
सर्वसिद्धार्थाः (sarvasiddhārthāḥ) - having all their goals accomplished (whose purposes are all accomplished, achieving all goals)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvasiddhārtha
sarvasiddhārtha - whose objects are all accomplished, having achieved all aims
Bahuvrihi compound: 'sarva' (all) + 'siddha' (accomplished) + 'artha' (aim, purpose).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sarva+siddha+artha)
- sarva – all, every, entire
adjective/pronoun - siddha – accomplished, perfected, successful
adjective/past passive participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'sidh' (to succeed, accomplish).
Root: sidh (class 1) - artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, object
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicate adjective for implied 'people' of the Kṛta age.
चतुर्वर्षशतायुषः (caturvarṣaśatāyuṣaḥ) - having a lifespan of four hundred years
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of caturvarṣaśatāyuṣa
caturvarṣaśatāyuṣa - having a life of four hundred years
Bahuvrihi compound: 'catur' (four) + 'varṣa' (year) + 'śata' (hundred) + 'āyuṣ' (life/span).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+varṣa+śata+āyuṣ)
- catur – four
numeral/adjective - varṣa – year
noun (neuter)
Root: vṛṣ (class 1) - śata – hundred
numeral/noun (neuter) - āyuṣ – life, lifespan, vitality
noun (neuter)
Note: Predicate adjective for implied 'people' of the Kṛta age.
कृते (kṛte) - in the Kṛta age (in the Kṛta (age), done, made)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed, (as noun) Kṛta age (Satya Yuga)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to the Kṛta Yuga.
त्रेता (tretā) - Tretā age (Tretā (age))
(proper noun)
feminine, singular of tretā
tretā - the second of the four Yugas, 'triad'
From 'tri' (three), as dharma stands on three feet in this age.
Note: Stem form in a compound.
आदिषु (ādiṣu) - and in subsequent ones (ages) (in others, in commencements, etc.)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of ādi
ādi - beginning, commencement, etc., and so on, others
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)
(indeclinable)
एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (people mentioned in the first line) (of these, their)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of idam
idam - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun stem.
Note: Possessive, referring to the lifespan of those people.
आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan (lifespan, life)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of āyuṣ
āyuṣ - life, duration of life, vitality
Note: Subject of 'hrasati'.
ह्रसति (hrasati) - decreases (decreases, diminishes, shortens)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hras
Present tense, Active voice
3rd person singular, present indicative, from root 'hras' (to shorten, diminish).
Root: hras (class 1)
पादशः (pādaśaḥ) - by a quarter (at each successive age) (by a quarter, by a foot, step by step)
(indeclinable)
From 'pāda' (quarter/foot) with the '-śas' suffix meaning 'by parts/portions'.
Note: Adverbial, describing the manner of decrease.