महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-57

अपश्यमानस्तु किरीटमाली युधि ज्येष्ठं भ्रातरमाजमीढम् ।
उवाच भीमं तरसाभ्युपेत्य राज्ञः प्रवृत्तिस्त्विह केति राजन् ॥५७॥

57. apaśyamānastu kirīṭamālī; yudhi jyeṣṭhaṁ bhrātaramājamīḍham ,
uvāca bhīmaṁ tarasābhyupetya; rājñaḥ pravṛttistviha keti rājan.

57. apaśyamānaḥ tu kirīṭamālī yudhi
jyeṣṭham bhrātaram ājamīḍham uvāca
bhīmam tarasā abhyupetya rājñaḥ
pravṛttiḥ tu iha kā iti rājan

57. tu kirīṭamālī apaśyamānaḥ yudhi
jyeṣṭham ājamīḍham bhrātaram tarasā
bhīmam abhyupetya uvāca rājan
iha rājñaḥ pravṛttiḥ tu kā iti

57. But Arjuna, wearing his diadem (kirīṭamālī), not seeing his elder brother, Yudhiṣṭhira (the descendant of Ajamiḍha), in the battle, quickly approached Bhima and asked, "O King, what is the situation of the king here?"

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यमानः (apaśyamānaḥ) - not seeing (not seeing, not perceiving)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• किरीटमाली (kirīṭamālī) - Arjuna, wearing his diadem (kirīṭamālī) (one wearing a diadem, garlanded with a crown)

• युधि (yudhi) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - his elder (brother) (eldest, greatest, best)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - his elder brother (Yudhiṣṭhira) (brother)

• आजमीढम् (ājamīḍham) - Yudhiṣṭhira, descendant of Ajamiḍha (descendant of Ajamiḍha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he asked (he said, he spoke)

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - to Bhima

• तरसा (tarasā) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, with force)

• अभ्युपेत्य (abhyupetya) - having approached (having approached, having gone to)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (of the king)

• प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - situation, news (activity, course of action, news, situation)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation/place) (here, in this world)

• का (kā) - what (who, what (feminine))

• इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative, addressed to Bhima) (O King)

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यमानः (apaśyamānaḥ) - not seeing (not seeing, not perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apaśyamāna

apaśyamāna - not seeing, not perceiving

present participle (middle voice)

a (not) + √paś (to see) + śānac

Compound type : nañ tatpuruṣa (a+paśyamāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• paśyamāna – seeing, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  present participle (middle voice)
  from √dṛś (paśya stem)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kirīṭamālī (Arjuna).

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

किरीटमाली (kirīṭamālī) - Arjuna, wearing his diadem (kirīṭamālī) (one wearing a diadem, garlanded with a crown)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kirīṭamālin

kirīṭamālin - one wearing a diadem, garlanded with a crown

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kirīṭa+mālin)

• kirīṭa – diadem, tiara, crown
  noun (neuter)
• mālin – wearing a garland, crowned
  adjective (masculine)
  from mālā (garland) + ini suffix

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

युधि (yudhi) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

Note: Location of not seeing.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - his elder (brother) (eldest, greatest, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, greatest, best, senior

superlative of vṛddha (old)

Note: Agrees with bhrātaram and ājamīḍham.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - his elder brother (Yudhiṣṭhira) (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of apaśyamānaḥ.

आजमीढम् (ājamīḍham) - Yudhiṣṭhira, descendant of Ajamiḍha (descendant of Ajamiḍha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ājamīḍha

ājamīḍha - descendant of Ajamiḍha (an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira)

patronymic from Ajamiḍha

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

उवाच (uvāca) - he asked (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

formed from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb of the sentence.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - to Bhima

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, Bhima

Note: Object of uvāca.

तरसा (tarasā) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, with force)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

अभ्युपेत्य (abhyupetya) - having approached (having approached, having gone to)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

abhi- + upa- + √i + -tya

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Precedes uvāca.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive of pravṛttiḥ.

प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - situation, news (activity, course of action, news, situation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, course of action, news, situation, manifestation

from pra- + √vṛt (to turn, exist) + ti

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle or conjunction.

इह (iha) - here (in this situation/place) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

का (kā) - what (who, what (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, agrees with pravṛttiḥ.

इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation marker.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative, addressed to Bhima) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Bhima.