महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-52

ततो धनंजयो द्रष्टुं राजानं बाणपीडितम् ।
रथेन प्रययौ क्षिप्रं संग्रामे केशवाज्ञया ॥५२॥

52. tato dhanaṁjayo draṣṭuṁ rājānaṁ bāṇapīḍitam ,
rathena prayayau kṣipraṁ saṁgrāme keśavājñayā.

52. tataḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ draṣṭum rājānam bāṇapīḍitam
rathena prāyayau kṣipram saṃgrāme keśavājñayā

52. tataḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ keśavājñayā saṃgrāme bāṇapīḍitam rājānam draṣṭum rathena kṣipram prāyayau.

52. Then Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) quickly went by chariot on the battlefield to see the king, who was afflicted by arrows, following Keśava's (Krishna's) command.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Arjuna)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to look at

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king, ruler)

• बाणपीडितम् (bāṇapīḍitam) - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot

• प्राययौ (prāyayau) - went forth, set off, proceeded

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• केशवाज्ञया (keśavājñayā) - by Keśava's command, by Krishna's order

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name for Arjuna, fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to look at

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

बाणपीडितम् (bāṇapīḍitam) - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāṇapīḍita

bāṇapīḍita - afflicted by arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+pīḍita)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, afflict).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Describes 'rājānam'.

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

प्राययौ (prāyayau) - went forth, set off, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense (liṭ) from root 'yā' with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: 'pra-yā' means to go forth, set off.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: grāh (class 9)

केशवाज्ञया (keśavājñayā) - by Keśava's command, by Krishna's order

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of keśavājñā

keśavājñā - Keśava's command

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (keśava+ājñā)

• keśava – Keśava (a name of Krishna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ājñā – command, order, permission
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'ā-'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: jñā (class 9)