महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-41

ते वध्यमानाः कर्णेन पाञ्चालाश्चेदिभिः सह ।
तत्र तत्र व्यमुह्यन्त वनदाहे यथा द्विपाः ।
चुक्रुशुस्ते नरव्याघ्र यथाप्राग्वा नरोत्तमाः ॥४१॥

41. te vadhyamānāḥ karṇena pāñcālāścedibhiḥ saha ,
tatra tatra vyamuhyanta vanadāhe yathā dvipāḥ ,
cukruśuste naravyāghra yathāprāgvā narottamāḥ.

41. te vadhyamānāḥ karṇena pāñcālāḥ ca
cedibhiḥ saha tatra tatra vyamuhyanta
vanadāhe yathā dvipāḥ cukruśuḥ te
naravyāghra yathāprāg vā narottamāḥ

41. naravyāghra te pāñcālāḥ ca cedibhiḥ
saha karṇena vadhyamānāḥ tatra tatra
vyamuhyanta yathā vanadāhe dvipāḥ
te narottamāḥ yathāprāg vā cukruśuḥ

41. O tiger among men, those Panchalas, along with the Chedis, being slain by Karna, became utterly bewildered here and there, just like elephants in a forest fire. And those finest of men cried out exactly as they had before.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the Panchalas and Chedis (they, those)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from Pañcāla kingdom)

• च (ca) - and

• चेदिभिः (cedibhiḥ) - by the Chedis, with the Chedis

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• तत्र (tatra) - here (in the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the battlefield, combined with preceding 'tatra' for 'here and there') (there, in that place)

• व्यमुह्यन्त (vyamuhyanta) - became bewildered, fainted, lost sense

• वनदाहे (vanadāhe) - in a forest fire, during a forest conflagration

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• द्विपाः (dvipāḥ) - elephants

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - cried out, shrieked

• ते (te) - the Panchalas and Chedis (they, those)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Dhritarashtra (the interlocutor) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• यथाप्राग् (yathāprāg) - as before, as previously

• वा (vā) - used in combination with 'yathāprāg' to mean 'exactly as before' (or, also, like)

• नरोत्तमाः (narottamāḥ) - the Panchala and Chedi warriors (best of men, excellent men)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the Panchalas and Chedis (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the Panchalas and Chedis.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain, being struck

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Pāñcālāḥ'.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna; ear

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'vadhyamānāḥ'.

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from Pañcāla kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - inhabitant of Pañcāla; related to Pañcāla

Note: Subject of 'vyamuhyanta' and 'cukruśuḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Panchalas and Chedis (though 'sah' also implies togetherness).

चेदिभिः (cedibhiḥ) - by the Chedis, with the Chedis

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cedi

cedi - Cedi (name of a people/kingdom)

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - here (in the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'tral' suffix.

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the battlefield, combined with preceding 'tatra' for 'here and there') (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'tral' suffix.

व्यमुह्यन्त (vyamuhyanta) - became bewildered, fainted, lost sense

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vi-muh

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Third person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Prefix: vi

Root: muh (class 4)

वनदाहे (vanadāhe) - in a forest fire, during a forest conflagration

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+dāha)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• dāha – burning, conflagration, heat
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dah' (to burn).
  Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Context for the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

द्विपाः (dvipāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker', referring to trunk and mouth)

Compound 'dvi' (two) + 'pa' (drinker).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'pā' (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject in the simile.

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - cried out, shrieked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kruś

Perfect (Liṭ)

Third person plural, active voice. Reduplicated root.

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'te' (Panchalas/Chedis).

ते (te) - the Panchalas and Chedis (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the Panchalas and Chedis again.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Dhritarashtra (the interlocutor) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(compound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

यथाप्राग् (yathāprāg) - as before, as previously

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'prāk' (before).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+prāk)

• yathā – as, just as
  indeclinable
• prāk – before, formerly, previously
  indeclinable

Note: The 'g' comes from `k` + `v` sandhi, but `vā` is a separate word.

वा (vā) - used in combination with 'yathāprāg' to mean 'exactly as before' (or, also, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often pairs with yathā.

नरोत्तमाः (narottamāḥ) - the Panchala and Chedi warriors (best of men, excellent men)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, supreme, highest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the Panchalas and Chedis.