महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-54

युद्धं कृत्वा तु कौन्तेयो द्रोणपुत्रेण भारत ।
दुःसहं वज्रिणा संख्ये पराजिग्ये भृगोः सुतम् ॥५४॥

54. yuddhaṁ kṛtvā tu kaunteyo droṇaputreṇa bhārata ,
duḥsahaṁ vajriṇā saṁkhye parājigye bhṛgoḥ sutam.

54. yuddham kṛtvā tu kaunteyaḥ droṇaputreṇa bhārata
duḥsaham vajriṇā saṃkhye parājigye bhṛgoḥ sutam

54. bhārata,
kaunteyaḥ,
droṇaputreṇa saha duḥsaham vajriṇā saṃkhye yuddham kṛtvā,
tu bhṛgoḥ sutam parājigye.

54. O Bhārata, after having fought a battle with Droṇa's son – a battle that was indeed difficult for even Indra to withstand in combat – the son of Kunti (Arjuna) defeated him, the son of Bhṛgu (Aśvatthāmā).

Words meanings summery:

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having fought (having done, having made)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

• द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by/with Aśvatthāmā (by Droṇa's son, with Droṇa's son)

• भारत (bhārata) - (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata)

• दुःसहम् (duḥsaham) - formidable, irresistible (difficult to bear, formidable, irresistible)

• वज्रिणा (vajriṇā) - by Indra (by the wielder of the thunderbolt (Indra))

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

• पराजिग्ये (parājigye) - he conquered, he defeated, he overcame

• भृगोः (bhṛgoḥ) - of Bhṛgu

• सुतम् (sutam) - the son of Bhṛgu (Aśvatthāmā, by extension) (son)

Words meanings and morphology

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having fought (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-tvā' for absolutive.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction or emphatic particle.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Derived from Kuntī with patronymic suffix 'eya'.

द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by/with Aśvatthāmā (by Droṇa's son, with Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes accompaniment in the battle.

भारत (bhārata) - (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata or India

Derived from 'Bharata' with patronymic suffix 'a'.

दुःसहम् (duḥsaham) - formidable, irresistible (difficult to bear, formidable, irresistible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥsaha

duḥsaha - difficult to bear, formidable, irresistible

Derived from 'duḥ' (bad, difficult) and 'saha' (bearing, enduring).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+saha)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• saha – bearing, enduring, withstanding
  adjective (masculine)
  from root 'sah' (to bear, endure)
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yuddham' (battle).

वज्रिणा (vajriṇā) - by Indra (by the wielder of the thunderbolt (Indra))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vajrin

vajrin - wielder of the thunderbolt, Indra

Derived from 'vajra' (thunderbolt) with suffix '-in'.

Note: Denotes the agent (by whom something is difficult to bear).

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, encounter

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Locative case, meaning 'in battle'.

पराजिग्ये (parājigye) - he conquered, he defeated, he overcame

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of parāji

Perfect tense (liṭ) from root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'parā-'.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

भृगोः (bhṛgoḥ) - of Bhṛgu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - Bhṛgu (name of a sage, founder of a priestly lineage)

Note: Possessive case, modifying 'sutam'.

सुतम् (sutam) - the son of Bhṛgu (Aśvatthāmā, by extension) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root 'sū' (to beget, give birth to).

Root: sū (class 2)