महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-17

स संगृह्य स्वयं वाहान्कृष्णौ प्राच्छादयच्छरैः ।
तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम द्रौणेराशु पराक्रमम् ॥१७॥

17. sa saṁgṛhya svayaṁ vāhānkṛṣṇau prācchādayaccharaiḥ ,
tatrādbhutamapaśyāma drauṇerāśu parākramam.

17. saḥ saṃgṛhya svayam vāhān kṛṣṇau prācchādayat śaraiḥ
tatra adbhutam apaśyāma Drauṇeḥ āśu parākramam

17. saḥ svayam vāhān saṃgṛhya kṛṣṇau śaraiḥ prācchādayat
tatra Drauṇeḥ āśu adbhutam parākramam apaśyāma

17. He (Drauṇi), himself controlling the horses, then covered the two Kṛṣṇas (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) with arrows. At that moment, we witnessed the astonishing swift valor (parākrama) of Droṇa's son (Drauṇi).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman) (he, that)

• संगृह्य (saṁgṛhya) - having taken control of (the horses' reins) (having seized, having taken hold of, having controlled)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, without a charioteer (oneself, by himself, personally)

• वाहान् (vāhān) - the chariot horses (horses, carriers)

• कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Lord Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (the two Kṛṣṇas (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna))

• प्राच्छादयत् (prācchādayat) - covered with a shower of arrows (covered, obscured, enveloped)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• तत्र (tatra) - at that moment, then (there, then, at that time)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing or marvelous (prowess) (wonderful, astonishing, a marvel)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we (the narrator Sañjaya and implied listeners) saw (we saw, we beheld)

• द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (of Drauṇi, Droṇa's son)

• आशु (āśu) - swift (prowess) (swift, quickly, immediately)

• पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - valor, prowess, might, exertion

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Drauṇi, who has just lost his charioteer.

संगृह्य (saṁgṛhya) - having taken control of (the horses' reins) (having seized, having taken hold of, having controlled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root 'grah' with prefix 'sam-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Forms an indeclinable past participle (absolutive).

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, without a charioteer (oneself, by himself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes Drauṇi's self-reliance in a difficult situation.

वाहान् (vāhān) - the chariot horses (horses, carriers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - carrier, horse, bearer

From root 'vah' (to carry, to draw).

Root: vah (class 1)

कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Lord Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (the two Kṛṣṇas (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of Kṛṣṇa

Kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (name); dark, black; Arjuna (another name for Arjuna)

प्राच्छादयत् (prācchādayat) - covered with a shower of arrows (covered, obscured, enveloped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prācchād

Imperfect Active, Causative

3rd person singular imperfect active of causative stem of root 'chad' with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: chad (class 10)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

तत्र (tatra) - at that moment, then (there, then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with suffix '-tra'.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing or marvelous (prowess) (wonderful, astonishing, a marvel)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, marvellous

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we (the narrator Sañjaya and implied listeners) saw (we saw, we beheld)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

1st person plural imperfect active of root 'dṛś' (using 'paś' stem).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The speaker (Sañjaya) is including himself in the observation.

द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (of Drauṇi, Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Drauṇi

Drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Patronymic from Droṇa.

आशु (āśu) - swift (prowess) (swift, quickly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - valor, prowess, might, exertion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, prowess, might, exertion, enterprise

From root 'kram' (to step, go) with prefix 'parā-'.

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)