महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-56

स युध्यमानः पृतनामुखस्थाञ्शूराञ्शूरो हर्षयन्सव्यसाची ।
पूर्वापदानैः प्रथितैः प्रशंसन्स्थिरांश्चकारात्मरथाननीके ॥५६॥

56. sa yudhyamānaḥ pṛtanāmukhasthā;ñśūrāñśūro harṣayansavyasācī ,
pūrvāpadānaiḥ prathitaiḥ praśaṁsa;nsthirāṁścakārātmarathānanīke.

56. saḥ yudhyamānaḥ pṛtanāmukhasthān
śūrān śūraḥ harṣayan savyasācī
pūrvāpadānaiḥ prathitaiḥ praśaṃsan
sthirān cakāra ātmarathān anīke

56. saḥ śūraḥ savyasācī yudhyamānaḥ
pṛtanāmukhasthān śūrān harṣayan
prathitaiḥ pūrvāpadānaiḥ praśaṃsan
anīke ātmarathān sthirān cakāra

56. He, the brave ambidextrous (Arjuna), encouraging the heroes positioned at the vanguard of the army and praising them for their renowned past exploits, made his own forces steadfast in the ranks.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - while fighting, engaged in battle (fighting, battling)

• पृतनामुखस्थान् (pṛtanāmukhasthān) - those positioned at the vanguard of the army (those standing at the head of the army)

• शूरान् (śūrān) - the heroes (heroes, brave ones)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - the brave one (Arjuna) (hero, brave one)

• हर्षयन् (harṣayan) - encouraging (gladdening, encouraging, delighting)

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna, the ambidextrous warrior (ambidextrous, capable of shooting with both hands)

• पूर्वापदानैः (pūrvāpadānaiḥ) - by renowned past exploits (by former deeds, by past exploits)

• प्रथितैः (prathitaiḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, celebrated)

• प्रशंसन् (praśaṁsan) - praising (praising, extolling)

• स्थिरान् (sthirān) - steadfast (firm, steady, steadfast)

• चकार (cakāra) - he made (he made, he did)

• आत्मरथान् (ātmarathān) - his own forces (one's own chariots, one's own forces/warriors (metaphorical))

• अनीके (anīke) - in the ranks (of the army) (in the army, in the ranks)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - while fighting, engaged in battle (fighting, battling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling, warrior

present participle (middle voice)

formed from √yudh + śānac

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

पृतनामुखस्थान् (pṛtanāmukhasthān) - those positioned at the vanguard of the army (those standing at the head of the army)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pṛtanāmukhastha

pṛtanāmukhastha - standing at the head of the army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛtanā+mukha+stha)

• pṛtanā – army, battle, host
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, head
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, being, situated
  adjective
  from √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śūrān.

शूरान् (śūrān) - the heroes (heroes, brave ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valorous

Note: Object of harṣayan and praśaṃsan.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - the brave one (Arjuna) (hero, brave one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valorous

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

हर्षयन् (harṣayan) - encouraging (gladdening, encouraging, delighting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣayat

harṣayat - gladdening, encouraging, delighting

present participle (causative)

formed from √hṛṣ (to be excited) in causative stem (harṣaya) + śatṛ

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna, the ambidextrous warrior (ambidextrous, capable of shooting with both hands)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous, one who can shoot with both hands (epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand), south
  adjective
• sācin – one who shoots, an archer
  adjective (masculine)
  from √sac with suffix ini
  Root: sac (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

पूर्वापदानैः (pūrvāpadānaiḥ) - by renowned past exploits (by former deeds, by past exploits)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pūrvāpadāna

pūrvāpadāna - former deed, past exploit, merit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+apadāna)

• pūrva – former, prior, past, eastern
  adjective
• apadāna – exploit, heroic deed, achievement
  noun (neuter)

Note: With praśaṃsan.

प्रथितैः (prathitaiḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, celebrated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of prathita

prathita - famous, renowned, celebrated

past passive participle

formed from pra- + √thā (to spread) + kta

Prefix: pra

Root: thā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pūrvāpadānaiḥ.

प्रशंसन् (praśaṁsan) - praising (praising, extolling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, extolling

present participle

formed from pra- + √śaṃs (to praise) + śatṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

स्थिरान् (sthirān) - steadfast (firm, steady, steadfast)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sthira

sthira - firm, steady, steadfast, immobile

Note: Agrees with ātmarathān.

चकार (cakāra) - he made (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cakāra

perfect tense

formed from √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आत्मरथान् (ātmarathān) - his own forces (one's own chariots, one's own forces/warriors (metaphorical))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātmaratha

ātmaratha - one's own chariot, one's own forces/warriors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ratha)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (in chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of cakāra.

अनीके (anīke) - in the ranks (of the army) (in the army, in the ranks)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, host, array, face

Note: Location where forces were made steady.