महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
द्रौणिस्तु रथवंशेन महता परिवारितः ।
आपतत्सहसा राजन्यत्र राजा व्यवस्थितः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
drauṇistu rathavaṁśena mahatā parivāritaḥ ,
āpatatsahasā rājanyatra rājā vyavasthitaḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca drauṇiḥ tu rathavaṃśena mahatā
parivāritaḥ āpatat sahasā rājan yatra rājā vyavasthitaḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca: rājan drauṇiḥ tu mahatā rathavaṃśena
parivāritaḥ yatra rājā vyavasthitaḥ (tatra) sahasā āpatat

1. Sañjaya said: O King, Droṇi's son (Aśvatthāman), surrounded by a vast array of chariots, suddenly charged towards the spot where the King (Yudhiṣṭhira) was stationed.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇa's son, Aśvatthāman

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a multitude of chariots, by a line of chariots

• महता (mahatā) - great, large, vast

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• आपतत् (āpatat) - fell upon, attacked, rushed

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, swiftly, forcefully

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• राजा (rājā) - The King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (the King)

• व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - stood, was situated, was positioned

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇa's son, Aśvatthāman

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāman

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a multitude of chariots, by a line of chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - a lineage of chariots, a multitude or array of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – bamboo, race, family, lineage, multitude
  noun (masculine)

महता (mahatā) - great, large, vast

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'rathavaṃśena'.

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛ

vṛ - to cover, encompass, surround, choose

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Used as an adjective, agreeing with 'drauṇiḥ'.

आपतत् (āpatat) - fell upon, attacked, rushed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of pat

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, swiftly, forcefully

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - The King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (the King)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - stood, was situated, was positioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, remain, be situated, be fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective, agreeing with 'rājā'.