महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-13

सोऽतिविद्धो रणे तेन द्रोणपुत्रेण भारत ।
आदत्त परिघं घोरं द्रौणेश्चैनमवाक्षिपत् ॥१३॥

13. so'tividdho raṇe tena droṇaputreṇa bhārata ,
ādatta parighaṁ ghoraṁ drauṇeścainamavākṣipat.

13. saḥ atividdhaḥ raṇe tena droṇaputreṇa bhārata
ādatta parigham ghoram drauṇeḥ ca enam avākṣipat

13. bhārata tena droṇaputreṇa raṇe atividdhaḥ saḥ
ghoram parigham ādatta ca enam drauṇeḥ avākṣipat

13. O Bharata, he (Arjuna), severely wounded in battle by him, by the son of Drona (Drauni), then took up a formidable iron mace and hurled it at Drauni.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he)

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - deeply pierced, severely wounded

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• तेन (tena) - by him (Drauni) (by him)

• द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Drona (Drauni) (by the son of Drona)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (addressed to Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata)

• आदत्त (ādatta) - he took up, he grasped

• परिघम् (parigham) - mace, iron club

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, formidable, dreadful

• द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - at Drauni, of Drauni

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - it (the mace) (it)

• अवाक्षिपत् (avākṣipat) - he hurled, he threw

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - deeply pierced, severely wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - deeply pierced, severely wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyadh with ati prefix

Compound type : pravādi (ati+viddha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• viddha – pierced, struck, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vyadh
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Adjective agreeing with saḥ.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

तेन (tena) - by him (Drauni) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Drauni.

द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Drona (Drauni) (by the son of Drona)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona, Aśvatthāman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Further identifies 'tena'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (addressed to Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian; belonging to India

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

आदत्त (ādatta) - he took up, he grasped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of ādā

Past Tense (Aorist or historical present/imperfect-like usage) 3rd singular active. Form from root dā with ā prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Appears to function as a finite past tense verb here.

परिघम् (parigham) - mace, iron club

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - iron club, mace, bolt (for a door)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, formidable, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, formidable, dreadful, fierce

Note: Adjective agreeing with parigham.

द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - at Drauni, of Drauni

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

Note: Used in the sense of 'towards Drauni' or 'at Drauni'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - it (the mace) (it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enas

enas - it, this, that (referring to what has been mentioned)

Note: Refers to parigham (the mace).

अवाक्षिपत् (avākṣipat) - he hurled, he threw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avakṣip

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Prefix: ava

Root: kṣip (class 6)