महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-31

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु राधेयो दुर्योधनवचो महत् ।
मद्रराजमिदं वाक्यमब्रवीत्सूतनन्दनः ॥३१॥

31. etacchrutvā tu rādheyo duryodhanavaco mahat ,
madrarājamidaṁ vākyamabravītsūtanandanaḥ.

31. etat śrutvā tu rādheyaḥ duryodhana-vacaḥ mahat
madrarājam idam vākyam abravīt sūtanandanaḥ

31. rādheyaḥ sūtanandanaḥ tu duryodhana-vacaḥ mahat
etat śrutvā madrarājam idam vākyam abravīt

31. Upon hearing these weighty words from Duryodhana, Karna, the son of the charioteer, spoke this statement to the King of Madras.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna (son of Rādhā)

• दुर्योधन-वचः (duryodhana-vacaḥ) - Duryodhana's words/speech

• महत् (mahat) - weighty (words) (great, important, weighty)

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - to King Śalya (to the king of the Madras)

• इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, statement, word

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• सूतनन्दनः (sūtanandanaḥ) - Karna (son of a charioteer)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna (son of Rādhā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā

Derived from Rādhā + ḍhak (patronymic suffix)

दुर्योधन-वचः (duryodhana-vacaḥ) - Duryodhana's words/speech

(compound)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+vacas)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vacas – speech, word, statement
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Word vacas is an s-stem neuter noun. In accusative singular, it becomes vacaḥ.

महत् (mahat) - weighty (words) (great, important, weighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Present Active Participle

Derived from root mah (to be great) or via suffix -at

Note: Declined to agree with vacaḥ (neuter accusative singular).

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - to King Śalya (to the king of the Madras)

(compound)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – the Madras (a people/country)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Declined to agree with vākyam (neuter accusative singular).

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, statement, word

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Augment a- indicates past tense.

सूतनन्दनः (sūtanandanaḥ) - Karna (son of a charioteer)

(compound)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (sūta+nandana)

• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rādheyaḥ.