महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-16

ततोऽर्जुनो रणे द्रौणिं विव्याध दशभिः शरैः ।
सारथिं चास्य भल्लेन रथनीडादपाहरत् ॥१६॥

16. tato'rjuno raṇe drauṇiṁ vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ ,
sārathiṁ cāsya bhallena rathanīḍādapāharat.

16. tataḥ arjunaḥ raṇe Drauṇim vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ
sārathim ca asya bhallena rathanīḍāt apāharat

16. tataḥ arjunaḥ raṇe Drauṇim daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ vivyādha
ca asya sārathim bhallena rathanīḍāt apāharat

16. Then, in battle, Arjuna pierced Droṇa's son (Drauṇi) with ten arrows. He also removed his charioteer from the chariot's seat with a crescent-shaped arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereafter, from that)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - The Pāṇḍava hero Arjuna (Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa (Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, hit

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - Drauṇi's charioteer (charioteer)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Drauṇi's) charioteer (his, of this)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a crescent-shaped arrow (by a bhalla (arrow))

• रथनीडात् (rathanīḍāt) - from the charioteer's designated position in the chariot (from the chariot's nest/seat)

• अपाहरत् (apāharat) - knocked off or struck down from the chariot (removed, carried away, took off)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with suffix '-tas'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - The Pāṇḍava hero Arjuna (Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Arjuna

Arjuna - Arjuna (name); white, silver

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa (Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Drauṇi

Drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Patronymic from Droṇa.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root 'vyadh'. Reduplicated form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Reduplicated perfect form.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

सारथिम् (sārathim) - Drauṇi's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction connecting two actions.

अस्य (asya) - his (Drauṇi's) charioteer (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Drauṇi.

भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a crescent-shaped arrow (by a bhalla (arrow))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, crescent-shaped arrow

रथनीडात् (rathanīḍāt) - from the charioteer's designated position in the chariot (from the chariot's nest/seat)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rathanīḍa

rathanīḍa - chariot-seat, chariot's nest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+nīḍa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• nīḍa – nest, seat, abode
  noun (neuter)

अपाहरत् (apāharat) - knocked off or struck down from the chariot (removed, carried away, took off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular imperfect active of root 'hṛ' with prefix 'apā-'.

Prefix: apā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Root 'hṛ' with augment 'a-' and prefix 'apā'.