महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-10

निहता रथिनः पेतुः पार्थचापच्युतैः शरैः ।
हयाश्च पर्यधावन्त मुक्तयोक्त्रास्ततस्ततः ॥१०॥

10. nihatā rathinaḥ petuḥ pārthacāpacyutaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
hayāśca paryadhāvanta muktayoktrāstatastataḥ.

10. nihatāḥ rathinaḥ petuḥ pārthacāpacyutaiḥ śaraiḥ
hayāḥ ca paryadhāvanta muktayoktrāḥ tataḥ tataḥ

10. pārthacāpacyutaiḥ śaraiḥ nihatāḥ rathinaḥ petuḥ
ca muktayoktrāḥ hayāḥ tataḥ tataḥ paryadhāvanta

10. Charioteers, struck down by arrows released from Arjuna's bow, fell to the ground. And the horses, with their harnesses loosened, ran wildly here and there.

Words meanings summery:

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, struck down

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

• पार्थचापच्युतैः (pārthacāpacyutaiḥ) - by arrows discharged from Arjuna's bow

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and

• पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, galloped around

• मुक्तयोक्त्राः (muktayoktrāḥ) - with loosened harnesses, with released straps

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, hither

• ततः (tataḥ) - to there, thither

Words meanings and morphology

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix ni- + root √han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rathinaḥ'

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, owner of a chariot, warrior in a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) + suffix '-in'

पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect 3rd person plural active of √pat

Root: pat (class 1)

पार्थचापच्युतैः (pārthacāpacyutaiḥ) - by arrows discharged from Arjuna's bow

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthacāpacyuta

pārthacāpacyuta - discharged from Arjuna's bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārtha+cāpa+cyuta)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Pṛthā
• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)
• cyuta – fallen, discharged, flowed
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √cyu (to fall, move, flow)
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, galloped around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-dhāv

Imperfect 3rd person plural active of √dhāv with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

मुक्तयोक्त्राः (muktayoktrāḥ) - with loosened harnesses, with released straps

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muktayoktra

muktayoktra - having released harnesses, with loosened reins

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+yoktra)

• mukta – released, loosened, freed
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √muc (to release, loosen)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• yoktra – harness, rein, strap, yoke
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'hayāḥ'

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, hither

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here in repetition 'tataḥ tataḥ' meaning 'hither and thither'

ततः (tataḥ) - to there, thither

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here in repetition 'tataḥ tataḥ' meaning 'hither and thither'