महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-45, verse-40

कर्णस्त्वेको युधां श्रेष्ठो विधूम इव पावकः ।
दहञ्शत्रून्नरव्याघ्र शुशुभे स परंतपः ॥४०॥

40. karṇastveko yudhāṁ śreṣṭho vidhūma iva pāvakaḥ ,
dahañśatrūnnaravyāghra śuśubhe sa paraṁtapaḥ.

40. karṇaḥ tu ekaḥ yudhām śreṣṭhaḥ vidhūmaḥ iva pāvakaḥ
dahan śatrūn naravyāghra śuśubhe saḥ paraṃtapaḥ

40. naravyāghra tu ekaḥ yudhām śreṣṭhaḥ karṇaḥ saḥ
paraṃtapaḥ vidhūmaḥ pāvakaḥ iva śatrūn dahan śuśubhe

40. O tiger among men, Karna alone, the foremost among warriors, shone brilliantly like a smokeless fire, burning his enemies, for he was indeed the tormentor of foes.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, however

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, singular

• युधाम् (yudhām) - among warriors (in a combat context) (among warriors, of battles)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

• विधूमः (vidhūmaḥ) - smokeless, free from smoke

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, purifier

• दहन् (dahan) - burning, scorching

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, foes

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Dhritarashtra (the interlocutor) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, appeared beautiful/splendid

• सः (saḥ) - Karna (he)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Karna, the tormentor of enemies (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a hero in the Mahābhārata); ear

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, however

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, singular

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a certain, alone, unique, singular

Note: Refers to Karna.

युधाम् (yudhām) - among warriors (in a combat context) (among warriors, of battles)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war; warrior

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Genitive plural used in the sense of "among".

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior, chief, foremost

Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

Note: Refers to Karna.

विधूमः (vidhūmaḥ) - smokeless, free from smoke

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhūma

vidhūma - smokeless, free from smoke

Compound formed with 'vi' (without) and 'dhūma' (smoke).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+dhūma)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• dhūma – smoke, vapor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāvakaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, purifier

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, Agni, purifier, pure, clear

From root 'pū' (to purify).

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Refers to Karna through metaphor.

दहन् (dahan) - burning, scorching

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dahat

dahat - burning, scorching, consuming

Present Active Participle

From root 'dah' (to burn). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Karna (implicit).

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat

Note: Object of 'dahan'.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Dhritarashtra (the interlocutor) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(compound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, appeared beautiful/splendid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of śubh

Perfect (Liṭ)

Third person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Reduplicated root.

Root: śubh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Karna (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karna.

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Karna, the tormentor of enemies (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – one who torments, heats, performs austerity
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'tap'.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Appositive to Karna.