महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-69, verse-61

महेश्वर उवाच ।
विदितं मे यथा देवाः कृत्येयं सुमहाबला ।
त्वष्टुस्तेजोभवा घोरा दुर्निवार्याकृतात्मभिः ॥६१॥

61. maheśvara uvāca ,
viditaṁ me yathā devāḥ kṛtyeyaṁ sumahābalā ,
tvaṣṭustejobhavā ghorā durnivāryākṛtātmabhiḥ.

61. maheśvara uvāca viditam me yathā devāḥ kṛtyā iyam
sumahābalā tvaṣṭuḥ tejobhavā ghorā durnivāryā akṛtātmabhiḥ

61. maheśvara uvāca.
devāḥ,
yathā iyam kṛtyā sumahābalā ghorā tvaṣṭuḥ tejobhavā,
akṛtātmabhiḥ durnivāryā,
me viditam.

61. Maheśvara (Shiva) said, 'O gods, it is known to me how this immensely powerful (sumahābalā) and terrible (ghorā) being (kṛtyā), born from the divine radiance of Tvaṣṭā, is difficult for those of undisciplined mind (akṛtātman) to resist.'

Words meanings summery:

• महेश्वर (maheśvara) - The speaker of this verse. (Great Lord, Shiva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• विदितम् (viditam) - It is known to Shiva. (known, understood)

• मे (me) - To Shiva, the speaker. (to me, for me, my)

• यथा (yathā) - Introducing an indirect statement 'how this being is...'. (as, just as, how)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - Addressed by Shiva. (O gods)

• कृत्या (kṛtyā) - Refers to a specific powerful, terrible magical creation, likely Vritra or a being associated with him. (deed, action, (magical) creation, female demon)

• इयम् (iyam) - Refers to the 'kṛtyā'. (this (feminine))

• सुमहाबला (sumahābalā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā'. (of very great strength, extremely powerful)

• त्वष्टुः (tvaṣṭuḥ) - Tvaṣṭā, a Vedic deity, the divine carpenter or artisan. (of Tvaṣṭā (divine artisan))

• तेजोभवा (tejobhavā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā', indicating its origin from Tvaṣṭā's radiance. (born from splendor/radiance)

• घोरा (ghorā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā'. (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• दुर्निवार्या (durnivāryā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā'. (difficult to resist, hard to ward off)

• अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - Refers to beings who lack spiritual discipline or self-control. (by those of undisciplined mind/self, by the impure-souled)

Words meanings and morphology

महेश्वर (maheśvara) - The speaker of this verse. (Great Lord, Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - Great Lord, a name of Shiva

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, supreme being, Shiva
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice

root 'vac' (2nd class, Adadi group), 3rd person singular active ending. Undergoes samprasāraṇa (va -> u) and reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

विदितम् (viditam) - It is known to Shiva. (known, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root vid (to know) with suffix -kta

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally, 'it is known'.

मे (me) - To Shiva, the speaker. (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular.

यथा (yathā) - Introducing an indirect statement 'how this being is...'. (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

देवाः (devāḥ) - Addressed by Shiva. (O gods)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, celestial being

Root: div (class 4)

कृत्या (kṛtyā) - Refers to a specific powerful, terrible magical creation, likely Vritra or a being associated with him. (deed, action, (magical) creation, female demon)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛtyā

kṛtyā - deed, act, rite, (magical) creation, female demon, witch

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tyā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the clause introduced by 'yathā'.

इयम् (iyam) - Refers to the 'kṛtyā'. (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'kṛtyā'.

सुमहाबला (sumahābalā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā'. (of very great strength, extremely powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sumahābala

sumahābala - of very great strength, extremely powerful

su (very) + mahā (great) + bala (strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahā+bala)

• su – very, good, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛtyā'.

त्वष्टुः (tvaṣṭuḥ) - Tvaṣṭā, a Vedic deity, the divine carpenter or artisan. (of Tvaṣṭā (divine artisan))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tvaṣṭṛ

tvaṣṭṛ - Tvaṣṭā (divine artisan), carpenter, fashioner

Root: tvakṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tejobhavā'.

तेजोभवा (tejobhavā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā', indicating its origin from Tvaṣṭā's radiance. (born from splendor/radiance)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tejobhava

tejobhava - born from splendor/radiance

tejas (splendor) + bhava (born).

Compound type : pañcamī-tatpuruṣa (tejas+bhava)

• tejas – splendor, radiance, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 6)
• bhava – born, existing, being
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛtyā'.

घोरा (ghorā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā'. (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, awful

Root: ghur (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛtyā'.

दुर्निवार्या (durnivāryā) - Qualifies the 'kṛtyā'. (difficult to resist, hard to ward off)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durnivārya

durnivārya - difficult to resist, hard to ward off, invincible

Gerundive

dur (difficult) + ni (down, away) + vṛ (to cover, restrain) + suffix -ya (gerundive)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dur+nivārya)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• nivārya – to be restrained, to be warded off
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root vṛ (to cover, restrain) with prefix ni- and suffix -ya
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛtyā'.

अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - Refers to beings who lack spiritual discipline or self-control. (by those of undisciplined mind/self, by the impure-souled)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self/mind is not disciplined, of impure soul, not self-controlled

a (not) + kṛta (done, disciplined) + ātman (self/mind)

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• kṛta – done, made, performed, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -kta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind, essence, (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Expresses the agent by whom it is difficult to resist.