महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-69, verse-31

तं कथं पाण्डवं युद्धे दहन्तमहितान्बहून् ।
प्रतियोत्स्यामि दुर्धर्षं तन्मे शंसास्त्रकोविद ॥३१॥

31. taṁ kathaṁ pāṇḍavaṁ yuddhe dahantamahitānbahūn ,
pratiyotsyāmi durdharṣaṁ tanme śaṁsāstrakovida.

31. tam katham pāṇḍavam yuddhe dahantam ahitān bahūn
pratiyotsyāmi durdharṣam tat me śaṃsa astrakovida

31. astrakovida katham tam durdharṣam pāṇḍavam yuddhe
bahūn ahitān dahantam pratiyotsyāmi tat me śaṃsa

31. O expert in weapons, tell me how I can fight against that unassailable Pāṇḍava, who is scorching many enemies in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Arjuna, the Pāṇḍava. (him, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu) (Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu))

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• दहन्तम् (dahantam) - Destroying (enemies) (burning, scorching, consuming, destroying)

• अहितान् (ahitān) - enemies, foes

• बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

• प्रतियोत्स्यामि (pratiyotsyāmi) - I shall fight against, I shall retaliate

• दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unassailable, invincible, difficult to subdue

• तत् (tat) - that (matter, i.e., how to fight him) (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

• अस्त्रकोविद (astrakovida) - Addressing Droṇa as an expert in weapons. (expert in weapons)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Arjuna, the Pāṇḍava. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu) (Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, name of Arjuna

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Object of 'pratiyotsyāmi'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

दहन्तम् (dahantam) - Destroying (enemies) (burning, scorching, consuming, destroying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dahat

dahat - burning, scorching, consuming, destroying

Present Active Participle

From root √dah (to burn).

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavam'.

अहितान् (ahitān) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ahita

ahita - enemy, foe, unfriendly, harmful

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'hita' (beneficial).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hita – beneficial, friendly, good, suitable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dhā (to place, put) in some contexts, or simply means 'placed, good'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'dahantam'.

बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

Adjective.

Note: Qualifies 'ahitān'.

प्रतियोत्स्यामि (pratiyotsyāmi) - I shall fight against, I shall retaliate

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

Future Tense, 1st Person, Singular

From root √yudh (to fight), with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The speaker is Duryodhana.

दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unassailable, invincible, difficult to subdue

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, irresistible, unassailable

Compound of prefix 'dur' (difficult) and 'dharṣa' (assailable, from root √dhṛṣ).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• dharṣa – bold, daring, assailable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √dhṛṣ (to be bold).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavam'.

तत् (tat) - that (matter, i.e., how to fight him) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'śaṃsa'.

मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

1st person pronoun, dative/genitive singular enclitic form.

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

From root √śaṃs (to speak, tell).

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अस्त्रकोविद (astrakovida) - Addressing Droṇa as an expert in weapons. (expert in weapons)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of astrakovida

astrakovida - one who is skilled in weapons

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+kovida)

• astra – missile, weapon, arrow
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• kovida – skilled, wise, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  From √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Address to Droṇa.