महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-69, verse-52

द्रोण उवाच ।
अथ पार्श्वे स्थितं विष्णुं शक्रादींश्च सुरोत्तमान् ।
प्राह तथ्यमिदं वाक्यं विषण्णान्सुरसत्तमान् ॥५२॥

52. droṇa uvāca ,
atha pārśve sthitaṁ viṣṇuṁ śakrādīṁśca surottamān ,
prāha tathyamidaṁ vākyaṁ viṣaṇṇānsurasattamān.

52. droṇaḥ uvāca atha pārśve sthitam viṣṇum śakra ādīn ca sura
uttamān prāha tathyam idam vākyam viṣaṇṇān sura sattamān

52. droṇaḥ uvāca atha pārśve sthitam viṣṇum ca śakra ādīn sura
uttamān viṣaṇṇān sura sattamān idam tathyam vākyam prāha

52. Droṇa said: Then, he spoke these truthful words to Vishnu, who was standing nearby, and to Indra and the other foremost and dejected gods.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - beside, at the side of

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, present

• विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Vishnu

• शक्र (śakra) - Indra

• आदीन् (ādīn) - and others, beginning with

• च (ca) - and

• सुर (sura) - gods

• उत्तमान् (uttamān) - best, highest, excellent

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, declared

• तथ्यम् (tathyam) - true, factual

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

• विषण्णान् (viṣaṇṇān) - dejected, sad, dispirited

• सुर (sura) - gods

• सत्तमान् (sattamān) - best, most excellent

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a teacher of martial arts in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, irregular root

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - beside, at the side of

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank

Note: Indicates location

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, present

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, present

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'viṣṇum'

विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Vishnu

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu (a principal Hindu deity)

Root: viṣ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of address for 'prāha'

शक्र (śakra) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (epithet meaning 'mighty')

From root √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Part of the compound 'śakra ādīn'

आदीन् (ādīn) - and others, beginning with

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ādi

ādi - beginning, starting with, and so on, others

Note: Part of the compound 'śakra ādīn', indicating a group

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects groups of individuals

सुर (sura) - gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

From √sū (to impel)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'sura uttamān'

उत्तमान् (uttamān) - best, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of uttama

uttama - best, highest, excellent, principal

Superlative degree from 'ud' (up)

Note: Qualifies 'sura', part of 'sura uttamān'

प्राह (prāha) - he said, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, from root √ah (to say) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: ah

तथ्यम् (tathyam) - true, factual

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tathya

tathya - true, real, factual, essential

From 'tathā' (thus) + -ya

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - statement, word, speech, sentence

Derived from 'vāc' (speech)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'prāha'

विषण्णान् (viṣaṇṇān) - dejected, sad, dispirited

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited, despondent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sad (to sit, sink) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'surasattamān'

सुर (sura) - gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

From √sū (to impel)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'sura sattamān'

सत्तमान् (sattamān) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sattama

sattama - best, most excellent

Superlative suffix -tama added to 'sat' (good)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'sura', part of 'sura sattamān'