महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-78

यस्मै देवाः प्रयच्छन्ति पुरुषाय पराभवम् ।
बुद्धिं तस्यापकर्षन्ति सोऽपाचीनानि पश्यति ॥७८॥

78. yasmai devāḥ prayacchanti puruṣāya parābhavam ,
buddhiṁ tasyāpakarṣanti so'pācīnāni paśyati.

78. yasmai devāḥ prayacchanti puruṣāya parābhavam
buddhiṃ tasya apakarṣanti saḥ apācīnāni paśyati

78. To whichever person (puruṣa) the gods grant defeat, they first diminish his intellect (buddhi), and then he perceives things wrongly.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom, for whom

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

• प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give, they grant, they bestow

• पुरुषाय (puruṣāya) - to a person (puruṣa), to a man

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, humiliation, downfall

• बुद्धिं (buddhiṁ) - intellect, understanding, reason (buddhi)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• अपकर्षन्ति (apakarṣanti) - they draw away, they diminish, they degrade

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अपाचीनानि (apācīnāni) - reversed things, wrong things, things facing backwards

• पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he observes

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom, for whom

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Corresponds to 'puruṣāya'

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give, they grant, they bestow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pradā

Present Active

Verb root dā (to give) with upasarga pra (forth, before), present stem yacch

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

पुरुषाय (puruṣāya) - to a person (puruṣa), to a man

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, the Supreme Cosmic Person (puruṣa)

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, humiliation, downfall

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, humiliation, disgrace, downfall, overthrow

From verb root bhū (to be) with upasarga parā (away, inverse)

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prayacchanti'

बुद्धिं (buddhiṁ) - intellect, understanding, reason (buddhi)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception (buddhi)

From root budh (to know, understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apakarṣanti'

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, her, its

Note: Refers to 'puruṣāya'

अपकर्षन्ति (apakarṣanti) - they draw away, they diminish, they degrade

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of apakṛṣ

Present Active

Verb root kṛṣ (to draw, pull) with upasarga apa (away, off)

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'devāḥ'

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'puruṣa' (person)

अपाचीनानि (apācīnāni) - reversed things, wrong things, things facing backwards

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apācīna

apācīna - western, reversed, turned backward, perverse, wrong, adverse

From apāc (west, backward) with suffix -īna

Note: Object of 'paśyati'

पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

Verb root dṛś, present stem paśya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ'