महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-77

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहतः शोचति रात्र्यहानि ।
परस्य नामर्मसु ते पतन्ति तान्पण्डितो नावसृजेत्परेषु ॥७७॥

77. vāksāyakā vadanānniṣpatanti; yairāhataḥ śocati rātryahāni ,
parasya nāmarmasu te patanti; tānpaṇḍito nāvasṛjetpareṣu.

77. vāksāyakāḥ vadanāt niṣpatanti
yaiḥ āhataḥ śocati rātryahāni
parasya na amarmasu te patanti
tān paṇḍitaḥ na avasṛjet pareṣu

77. Word-arrows fly out from the mouth; by them, one who is struck grieves night and day. Those (arrows) penetrate the vital spots (marman) of another. A wise person (paṇḍita) should not release them upon others.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - word-arrows, verbal darts

• वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth

• निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they fly out, they emerge

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (arrows)

• आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck, wounded

• शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows

• रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - night and day, continuously

• परस्य (parasya) - of another, of an enemy, of the opponent

• न (na) - not, no

• अमर्मसु (amarmasu) - When combined with 'na', it means 'in the vital spots'. (in the non-vital spots, in the uninjured parts)

• ते (te) - those, they

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they strike

• तान् (tān) - those (accusative plural)

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person, a scholar

• न (na) - not, no

• अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should release, should cast, should abandon

• परेषु (pareṣu) - upon others, among others, towards enemies

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - word-arrows, verbal darts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāksāyaka

vāksāyaka - verbal arrow, speech-arrow

Compound of vāc (speech) and sāyaka (arrow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāc+sāyaka)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
• sāyaka – arrow, dart, missile
  noun (masculine)
  From root si (to cast, throw)
  Root: si (class 5)

वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vadana

vadana - mouth, face, utterance

निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they fly out, they emerge

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of niṣpat

Present Active

Verb root pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga nis (out, forth)

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (arrows)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to 'vāksāyakāḥ'

आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhata

āhata - struck, wounded, smitten, affected

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From verb root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ā (towards, upon)

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present Active

Verb root śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - night and day, continuously

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of rātryahan

rātryahan - night and day, day and night, twenty-four hours

Dvanda compound of rātri (night) and ahan (day)

Compound type : dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'always' or 'continuously'

परस्य (parasya) - of another, of an enemy, of the opponent

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, strange, enemy, supreme

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in combination with 'amarmasu' for a double negative.

अमर्मसु (amarmasu) - When combined with 'na', it means 'in the vital spots'. (in the non-vital spots, in the uninjured parts)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of amarman

amarman - not a vital part, non-vital spot

Nah-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (negation) and marman (vital spot)

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (a+marman)

• a – not
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• marman – vital spot, vulnerable point, secret
  noun (neuter)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they, them

Note: Refers to 'vāksāyakāḥ'

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they strike

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active

Verb root pat

Root: pat (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those (accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them

Note: Refers to 'vāksāyakāḥ' (word-arrows)

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person, a scholar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, scholar, pundit, intelligent

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should release, should cast, should abandon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of avasṛj

Optative Active

Verb root sṛj (to create, throw, abandon) with upasarga ava (down, off)

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

परेषु (pareṣu) - upon others, among others, towards enemies

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme