महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-33

भूयांसं लभते क्लेशं या गौर्भवति दुर्दुहा ।
अथ या सुदुहा राजन्नैव तां विनयन्त्यपि ॥३३॥

33. bhūyāṁsaṁ labhate kleśaṁ yā gaurbhavati durduhā ,
atha yā suduhā rājannaiva tāṁ vinayantyapi.

33. bhūyāṃsam labhate kleśam yā gauḥ bhavati durduhā
atha yā suduhā rājan na eva tām vinayanti api

33. The cow that is difficult to milk experiences much trouble (kleśa). However, O king, they do not even try to discipline the cow that is easy to milk.

Words meanings summery:

• भूयांसम् (bhūyāṁsam) - much, abundant, greater, more

• लभते (labhate) - experiences (obtains, gets, receives, experiences)

• क्लेशम् (kleśam) - trouble, distress, pain, suffering (kleśa)

• या (yā) - which, who (relative pronoun)

• गौः (gauḥ) - cow, cattle

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

• दुर्दुहा (durduhā) - difficult to milk, giving milk with difficulty

• अथ (atha) - however, but (now, then, moreover, but)

• या (yā) - which, who (relative pronoun)

• सुदुहा (suduhā) - easy to milk, giving milk easily

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - even (indeed, only, just, even)

• ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine accusative)

• विनयन्ति (vinayanti) - they try to discipline, they restrain (they discipline, they train, they humble, they remove)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

Words meanings and morphology

भूयांसम् (bhūyāṁsam) - much, abundant, greater, more

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhūyas

bhūyas - greater, more, much, abundant

comparative degree of 'bahu' (much)

s-stem adjective.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kleśam'.

लभते (labhate) - experiences (obtains, gets, receives, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present tense, Middle voice

Third person singular, present, middle voice.

Root: labh (class 1)

क्लेशम् (kleśam) - trouble, distress, pain, suffering (kleśa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - trouble, pain, suffering, distress, affliction

From root 'kliś' (to suffer, to trouble).

Root: kliś (class 9)

या (yā) - which, who (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Feminine singular nominative form.

गौः (gauḥ) - cow, cattle

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense

Third person singular, present, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुर्दुहा (durduhā) - difficult to milk, giving milk with difficulty

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durduhā

durduhā - difficult to milk, yielding milk with difficulty

From 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'duh' (to milk) + 'ka' suffix (agentive for action difficult to perform).

Compound type : nairarthya-bahuvrīhi (dur+duh)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• duh – to milk, to draw forth
  verb
  Root: duh (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'gauh'.

अथ (atha) - however, but (now, then, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

या (yā) - which, who (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Feminine singular nominative form.

सुदुहा (suduhā) - easy to milk, giving milk easily

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of suduhā

suduhā - easy to milk, yielding milk easily

From 'su' (good, easy) + 'duh' (to milk) + 'ka' suffix.

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (su+duh)

• su – good, well, excellent, easy
  indeclinable
• duh – to milk, to draw forth
  verb
  Root: duh (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'gauh' (implied).

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'eva' for emphasis.

एव (eva) - even (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Feminine singular accusative form.

Note: Refers to the 'easy to milk' cow.

विनयन्ति (vinayanti) - they try to discipline, they restrain (they discipline, they train, they humble, they remove)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vinī

Present tense (causative stem)

Third person plural, present, active voice (causative of 'nī' with 'vi' prefix).

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'na eva'.