महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-34

यदतप्तं प्रणमति न तत्संतापयन्त्यपि ।
यच्च स्वयं नतं दारु न तत्संनामयन्त्यपि ॥३४॥

34. yadataptaṁ praṇamati na tatsaṁtāpayantyapi ,
yacca svayaṁ nataṁ dāru na tatsaṁnāmayantyapi.

34. yat ataptam praṇamati na tat saṃtāpayanti api
yat ca svayam natam dāru na tat saṃnāmayanti api

34. That which bends (praṇamati) without being heated (ataptam), people do not bother to heat (saṃtāpayanti) it. And wood (dāru) that is already bent (natam) by itself (svayam), people do not even try to bend (saṃnāmayanti) it.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that which, whatever

• अतप्तम् (ataptam) - unheated, untempered, not tormented

• प्रणमति (praṇamati) - bends easily (bows down, bends, yields)

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• संतापयन्ति (saṁtāpayanti) - they bother to heat (they heat, they torment, they make pliable by heating)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• यत् (yat) - which, that which, whatever

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, spontaneously, oneself

• नतम् (natam) - pliable, already bent (bent, bowed, humbled)

• दारु (dāru) - wood, timber, a tree

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• संनामयन्ति (saṁnāmayanti) - they try to bend (they bend, they make to bow, they make pliable)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that which, whatever

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form.

Note: Functions as a relative pronoun referring to an implicit object/material.

अतप्तम् (ataptam) - unheated, untempered, not tormented

(adjective)

neuter, singular of atapta

atapta - unheated, untempered, not tormented, undisturbed

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Formed from 'a' (not) + 'tapta' (P.P.P. of 'tap').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tapta)

• a – not, un- (negation)
  indeclinable
• tapta – heated, hot, tormented, purified
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tap' (to heat, to burn, to suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yat' (the implicit subject).

प्रणमति (praṇamati) - bends easily (bows down, bends, yields)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of praṇam

Present tense

Third person singular, present, active voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form.

Note: Refers back to 'yat ataptam'.

संतापयन्ति (saṁtāpayanti) - they bother to heat (they heat, they torment, they make pliable by heating)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of saṃtāpay

Present tense, Causative

Third person plural, present, active voice (causative of 'tap' with 'sam' prefix).

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, that which, whatever

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form.

Note: Functions as a relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, spontaneously, oneself

(indeclinable)

From 'sva' (self).

Note: Emphasizes the natural state.

नतम् (natam) - pliable, already bent (bent, bowed, humbled)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of nata

nata - bent, bowed, humbled, inclined

Past Passive Participle

From root 'nam' (to bow, to bend).

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dāru'.

दारु (dāru) - wood, timber, a tree

(noun)

neuter, singular of dāru

dāru - wood, timber, a tree, a piece of wood

u-stem neuter noun.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form.

Note: Refers back to 'yat svayam natam dāru'.

संनामयन्ति (saṁnāmayanti) - they try to bend (they bend, they make to bow, they make pliable)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of saṃnāmay

Present tense, Causative

Third person plural, present, active voice (causative of 'nam' with 'sam' prefix).

Prefix: sam

Root: nam (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)