महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-10

यः प्रमाणं न जानाति स्थाने वृद्धौ तथा क्षये ।
कोशे जनपदे दण्डे न स राज्येऽवतिष्ठते ॥१०॥

10. yaḥ pramāṇaṁ na jānāti sthāne vṛddhau tathā kṣaye ,
kośe janapade daṇḍe na sa rājye'vatiṣṭhate.

10. yaḥ pramāṇam na jānāti sthāne vṛddhau tathā kṣaye
kośe janapade daṇḍe na saḥ rājye avatiṣṭhate

10. That person who does not understand the proper measure (pramāṇa) in matters of status, prosperity, and decline—nor regarding the treasury, the populace, and governance—cannot maintain his position in a kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - that person who (who, which)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the proper measure (measure, standard, authority, correct knowledge)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जानाति (jānāti) - understands (knows, perceives, understands)

• स्थाने (sthāne) - in matters of status (in place, in position, in situation, in status)

• वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - in prosperity (in growth, in increase, in prosperity)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, in that way)

• क्षये (kṣaye) - in decline (in decay, in loss, in destruction)

• कोशे (kośe) - regarding the treasury (in the treasury, in the sheath, in the dictionary)

• जनपदे (janapade) - regarding the populace (in the country, in the district, among the populace)

• दण्डे (daṇḍe) - regarding governance (in punishment, in stick, in scepter, in justice, in coercion)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

• राज्ये (rājye) - in a kingdom (in the kingdom, in the reign, in the state)

• अवतिष्ठते (avatiṣṭhate) - cannot maintain his position (remains, stands, abides, establishes oneself)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - that person who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'jānāti'.

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the proper measure (measure, standard, authority, correct knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, standard, authority, means of knowledge

From √mā 'to measure' with pra-prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'jānāti'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - understands (knows, perceives, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Present Indicative (laṭ) of jñā

Present Indicative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person, singular, present indicative, active voice

Root: jñā (class 9)

स्थाने (sthāne) - in matters of status (in place, in position, in situation, in status)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, status, situation

From √sthā 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - in prosperity (in growth, in increase, in prosperity)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, augmentation

From √vṛdh 'to grow'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

क्षये (kṣaye) - in decline (in decay, in loss, in destruction)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - decay, loss, destruction, end

From √kṣi 'to waste away, to destroy'

Root: kṣi (class 1)

कोशे (kośe) - regarding the treasury (in the treasury, in the sheath, in the dictionary)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, cocoon, sheath, dictionary

जनपदे (janapade) - regarding the populace (in the country, in the district, among the populace)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janapada

janapada - country, district, population, people

Compound of jana 'people' + pada 'foot, place'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, human being
  noun (masculine)
  From √jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pada – foot, step, place, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

दण्डे (daṇḍe) - regarding governance (in punishment, in stick, in scepter, in justice, in coercion)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, coercion, governance, justice

Note: Here 'daṇḍa' refers to statecraft, particularly the aspect of law and order or governance.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'yaḥ'.

राज्ये (rājye) - in a kingdom (in the kingdom, in the reign, in the state)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, state, government

Derived from rājan 'king'

Note: Locative of place.

अवतिष्ठते (avatiṣṭhate) - cannot maintain his position (remains, stands, abides, establishes oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Present Indicative (laṭ) of sthā

Present Indicative Mood, Ātmanepada

3rd person, singular, present indicative, middle voice. From √sthā with ava-prefix

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The negation 'na' applies to this verb.