महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-12

न राज्यं प्राप्तमित्येव वर्तितव्यमसांप्रतम् ।
श्रियं ह्यविनयो हन्ति जरा रूपमिवोत्तमम् ॥१२॥

12. na rājyaṁ prāptamityeva vartitavyamasāṁpratam ,
śriyaṁ hyavinayo hanti jarā rūpamivottamam.

12. na rājyam prāptam iti eva vartitavyam asaṃpratam
| śriyam hi avinayaḥ hanti jarā rūpam iva uttamam

12. One should not behave improperly merely because one has attained sovereignty. Indeed, arrogance destroys prosperity, just as old age ravages excellent beauty.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - sovereignty (kingdom, sovereignty, dominion)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - attained (obtained, gained, reached, attained)

• इति (iti) - indicating 'just because' or 'thinking that' (thus, as, so, indicating direct or indirect speech/thought)

• एव (eva) - merely, just (only, just, indeed, merely)

• वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - one should behave (should be behaved, ought to be done, one should act)

• असंप्रतम् (asaṁpratam) - improperly (improperly, unsuitable, unseasonably)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, fortune)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• अविनयः (avinayaḥ) - arrogance (immodesty, rudeness, disrespect, arrogance, ill-breeding)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys, ravages (destroys, kills, strikes, injures)

• जरा (jarā) - old age (old age, decay, decrepitude)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - beauty (form, beauty, appearance, nature)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme, highest)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - sovereignty (kingdom, sovereignty, dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, rule

Derived from rājan (king).

Note: It is an object of an implied verb or adverbial usage with 'prāptam'.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - attained (obtained, gained, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: It qualifies 'rājyam' and forms an adverbial clause with `iti eva`.

इति (iti) - indicating 'just because' or 'thinking that' (thus, as, so, indicating direct or indirect speech/thought)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - merely, just (only, just, indeed, merely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word 'iti'.

वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - one should behave (should be behaved, ought to be done, one should act)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vartitavya

vartitavya - to be acted, to be behaved, should be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √vṛt (to exist, to be, to turn) with suffix -tavya.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as an impersonal verb construction.

असंप्रतम् (asaṁpratam) - improperly (improperly, unsuitable, unseasonably)

(indeclinable)

Negation (a-) of saṃpratam (suitably).

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, fortune, divine grace

Note: Direct object of 'hanti'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasis or causal particle.

अविनयः (avinayaḥ) - arrogance (immodesty, rudeness, disrespect, arrogance, ill-breeding)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avinaya

avinaya - immodesty, rudeness, disrespect, arrogance, ill-breeding

Negation (a-) of vinaya (modesty, humility).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vinaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vinaya – modesty, humility, discipline, training
  noun (masculine)
  From root √nī (to lead) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'hanti'.

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys, ravages (destroys, kills, strikes, injures)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active Indicative

Third person singular, present tense, active voice, indicative mood.

Root: han (class 2)

जरा (jarā) - old age (old age, decay, decrepitude)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay, decrepitude

From root √jṝ (to wear out, to decay).

Root: jṝ (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb in the simile.

रूपम् (rūpam) - beauty (form, beauty, appearance, nature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, beauty, appearance, nature, image

Note: Object in the simile.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - excellent, best, supreme, highest, chief

Superlative degree from ud (up).

Note: Qualifies 'rūpam'.